IM Plat- Neurology Flashcards
What is the most common etiology of ischemic strokes?
Atherothrombotic
What is the golden period of rTPA administration in patients with ischemic stroke?
within 3.5 hours of stroke onset
What pharmacologic drug if given within the 1st 24 hours of stroke promises to increase the probability of global recovery by 30% at 3 months?
Citicholine
What is the target MAP in patients with hemorrhagic stroke?
110-130 mmHg
What type of seizure involves sudden loss of postural muscle tone lasting 1-2 seconds with brief impairment of consciousness?
Atonic seizures
What type of seizure most commonly results from metabolic derangements?
Generalized tonic clonic seizure
During this phase in grand mal seizures, muscular flaccidity, excessive salivation and bladder/bowel incontinence occurs.
Post-ictal phase
What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults more than 20 years old?
S. pneumoniae
DOC for bacterial meningitis caused by Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus
Nafcillin
Neurotransmitter: Found in the substantia nigra and is responsible for fine-tuning of movements
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter: Found in the locus ceruleus and is responsible for arousal and wakefulness
Norepinephrine
Triad: West Syndrome
infantile spasms, developmental retardation or regression, and hypsarrhythmia on electroencephalogram
Electroencephalography shows a normal background for age and 3-Hz generalized spike and wave discharges.
Absence seizure
Electroencephalography shows a normal background with frequent generalized polyspike and wave discharges that may be anteriorly dominant or diffuse.
Myoclonic seizure
EEG in affected patients shows an abnormally SLOW background and diffuse SLOW spike waves
Lennox-Gestault syndrome
What are the only established risk factors for primary brain tumors?
Exposure to ionizing radiation and immunosuppression
What are the 2 most common primary sources of brain metastases?
Lung and breast carcinoma
Where is the most common location of brain metastates?
Gray matter-white matter junction
What is the standard mode of treatment for brain metastases?
Whole-brain RT
What is the gold standard for diagnosing leptomeningeal metastases?
Demonstration of tumor cells in the CSF
What is the most common dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents?
Myelosuppression (Neurotoxicity is 2nd)
What is the most commonly involved cranial mononeuropathy in patients with DM?
CN VII (followed by CN III)
DOC for patients with mixed seizure types
Valproic acid
What is the most common systemic disorder that causes chorea?
SLE
What is the most common site of intracranial hypertensive hemorrhage?
Putamen
A 40-year old female came in for RAI uptake and thyroid scan due to a palpable bilateral thyroid gland. RAI uptake revealed focal areas of increased uptake with suppressed tracer uptake in the remainder of the gland. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Toxic Adenoma
An 18-year old female came in for RAI uptake and thyroid scan due to a painful, bilateral thyroid gland. History revealed a preceding URTI a week prior to the appearance of the palpable thyroid mass. RAI uptake revealed homogeneously, very low uptake. What is your most likely diagnosis?
Subacute thyroiditis
What is the loading dose of PTU in the management of thyroid storm?
600-1000 mg
