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Micro > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Which 3 protozoa cause GI infection

A

Giardia, Entamoeba, and Cryptosporidium

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2
Q

Sx of giardiasis

A

Bloating, farting, foul smelling fatty diarrhea

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3
Q

How is giardia diagnosed

A

Trophozoites (double nuclei) or cysts in stool

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4
Q

Tx of giardia

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

How does Entamoeba histolytica present

A

Amebiasis

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6
Q

What is amebiasis

A

Dysentery from entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

How does Amebiasis present

A

Bloody diarrhea (invades)
Liver abscess
RUQ pain

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8
Q

What bacterial infection does amebiasis resemble

A

Shigella bacterial dysentery - both invade colon

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9
Q

Anchovy paste exudate

A

Liver abscess 2/2 entamoeba histolytica

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10
Q

Diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica

A

Serology
Trophozoites w/RBCs in cytoplasm
Cysts in stool

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11
Q

Tx of entamoeba histolytica

A

Metronidazole

Iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst carriers

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12
Q

How does cryptosporidium present

A 
Severe diarrhea in AIDS
Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non-immunocompromised
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13
Q

Diagnosis of cryptosporidium

A

Oocytes on acid fast stain

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14
Q

Protozoa seen on acid fast stain

A

Cryptosporidium

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15
Q

What are 3 protozoan CNS infections

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei

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16
Q

Classic triad of toxo

A

Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications

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17
Q

How is toxo transmitted

A

Cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces

Cross placenta

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18
Q

Toxo plasma tx

A

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

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19
Q

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Naegleria fowleri

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20
Q

African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei

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21
Q

How does trypanosoma present

A

lymphadenopathy
recurring fever
somnolence, coma

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22
Q

Dx of tse tse fly fever/african sleeping sickness

A

Blood smear

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23
Q

Tx of trypanosoma brucei

A

Suramin - blood borne disease

Melarsoprol for CNS penetration

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24
Q

Which species of plasmodium are chloroquine resistant

A

P. vivax and ovale

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25
Q

Presentation of P vivax/ovale

A

48 hour cycle (fevers on 1st and 3rd day)

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26
Q

Tx of P vivax/Ovale

A

Primaquine for hypnozoite

Chloroquine to block plasmodium

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27
Q

What to do before starting primaquine

A

Test for G6PD deficiency

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28
Q

Dormant form of P vivax/Oale

A

Hypnozoite in liver

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29
Q

What triggers fever chills in malaria

A

Merozoites released from schizont

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30
Q

What malaria type is the worst

A

P. falciparum

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31
Q

Sx of malara (all types)

A

Fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly

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32
Q

Sx of P falciparum

A

Severe form
Irregular fever patterns
Parasitized RBCs occlude capillraies in brain, kidneys, and lungs

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33
Q

Sx of P. malariae

A

72 hour cycle of fevers

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34
Q

How to treat plasmodium if it’s chloroquine resistant

A

Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil

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35
Q

Tx of life-threatening malaria

A

IV quinidine

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36
Q

Maltese cross

A

Merazoite tetrad form of babesia

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37
Q

Babesiosis

A

Fever and hemolytic anemia

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38
Q

what increases risk of severe disease in babesiosis

A

Asplenia

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39
Q

Transmission of babesia

A

Ixodes tick

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40
Q

Diagnosis of babesia

A

Blood smear - see ring form and maltese cross

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41
Q

Tx of babesia

A

Atovaquone + azithromycin

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42
Q

How is trypanosoma cruzi transmitted

A 
Reduviid bug (kissing bug) in feces
Deposited in a painless bite
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43
Q

Tx of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Benznidazole or nifurtimox

44
Q

Sx of trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas disease

Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus

45
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

46
Q

Leishmaniasis sx

A

Spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia

47
Q

How is leshmaniasis transmitted

A

Sandfly

48
Q

Diagnosis of leishmaniasis

A

Macrophages contain amastigotes

49
Q

Tx of leishmaniasis

A

Amphotericin B

Sodium Stibogluconate

50
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis similar to Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Both increase vaginal pH and both are treated with metronidazole (But gardnerella is a bacteria associated with BV)

51
Q

What is the most common protozoal infection in the US

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

52
Q

Tx of trichomonas

A

Metronidazole

53
Q

Diagnosis of trichomonas

A

Trophozoites that are motile on wet mount

54
Q

Strawberry cervix

A

Trichomonas

55
Q

Nematodes

A

Roundworms

56
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Pinworm

57
Q

Itching butt and positive Scotch Tape test

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

58
Q

Treatment of pinworm

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

59
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Giant roundworm causing intestinal infxn

60
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides tx

A

Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

61
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis transmission

A

Larvae in soil penetrate skin -> blood -> lungs -> cough and swallow them -> GI tract

62
Q

Disease caused by strongyloides

A

Intestinal infection

Vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain

63
Q

Tx of strongyloides

A

Ivermectin or albendazole

64
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus

A

Hookworms

65
Q

Hookworm transmission

A

Larvae penetrate skin-> blood -> lungs -> cough and swallow them -> GI tract where they suck blood

66
Q

Disease from hookworm

A

Intestinal infection that causes anemia (they suck blood from intestinal walls)

67
Q

Anemia from intestinal infection

A

Hookworm

68
Q

Tx of hookworm

A

Bendazole or pyrantel pamoate

69
Q

Disease caused by onchocerca volvulus

A

Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness

Possible allergic reaction to microflaria

70
Q

Disease transmitted by female blackfly bite

A

Onchocerca volvulus

71
Q

Tx of Onchocerca volvulus

A

Ivermectin

72
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

Elephentiasis by blocking lymphatic vessels

73
Q

Treatment of loa loa and elephentiasis

A

Diethylcarbamazine

74
Q

Toxocara canis transmission

A

Fecal oral

75
Q

Disease caused by toxocara canis

A

Visceral larva migrans

76
Q

Tx of toxocara

A

Albendazole or mebendazole

77
Q

Nematode routes of infection mnemonic

A

Ingested: EAT - enterobius, ascaris, toxocara
Cutaneous: SANd - strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator
Bites: LOW (lay low to avoid getting bitten) - loa loa, onchocerca, wuchereria

78
Q

Cause of cysticercosis

A

Taenia solium

79
Q

Taenia solium

A

Cestode (tapeworm)

80
Q

How is taenia solium transmitted and what diseases does each cause

A

Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork -> adult tapeworm -> intestinal infection
Ingestion of eggs -> larval infection - > cysti/neurocysticercosis

81
Q

Tx of intestinal infection from taenia

A

Praziquantel

82
Q

Tx of cysticercosis

A

Praziquantel

83
Q

Tx of neurocysticercosis

A

Albendazole and dexamethasone

84
Q

What tapeworm causes B12 deficiency anemia

A

Diphylllobothrium latum

85
Q

How is diphyllobothrium transmitted

A

Eating larvae from raw freshwater fish

86
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

Tapeworm

87
Q

How is Echinococcus granulosus transmitted

A

Ingestion of eggs from dog feces

88
Q

Disease from Echinococcus granulosus

A

Hydatid cysts in liver, cause anaphylaxis of antigens released

89
Q

Tx for Echinococcus granulosus

A

Surgery for removal, albendazole

90
Q

Hydatid cysts in liver tapeworm

A

Echinococcus granulosus

91
Q

Schistoma

A

Trematode (fluke)

92
Q

How is schistoma transmitted

A

Snails are host (where larvae mature)

Cercariae penetrate skin of humans

93
Q

Swimmers itch

A

Schistoma (blood fluke)

94
Q

What chronic disease can schistoma cause

A

Chronic infection can lead to SCC of the bladder

Portal HTN, splenomegaly

95
Q

Schistoma infection disease

A

Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation
Can get portal HTN, splenomegaly
Chronic infection -> SCC of bladder

96
Q

What trematode/fluke is associated wtih cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

97
Q

Treatment of all flukes

A

Praziquantel

98
Q

How is clonorchis sinensis transmitted

A

Undercooked fish

99
Q

What disease does clonorchis sinensis cause

A

BIliary tract inflammation -> Pigmented gallstones

100
Q

Parasite associated with biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

101
Q

Parasite associated with brain cysts and seizures

A

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

102
Q

Parasite associated with hematuria and bladder cancer

A

Schistosoma haematobium

103
Q

Parasite associated with liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

104
Q

Parasite associated with microcytic anemia

A

Ancylostoma, Necator (hookworms)

105
Q

Parasite associated with perianal pruritis

A

Enterobius (pinworm)

106
Q

Parasite associated with Portal HTN

A

Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum

107
Q

Parasite associated with Vitamin B12 defy

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Micro (8 decks)

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