Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
Which 3 protozoa cause GI infection
A
Giardia, Entamoeba, and Cryptosporidium
2
Q
Sx of giardiasis
A
Bloating, farting, foul smelling fatty diarrhea
3
Q
How is giardia diagnosed
A
Trophozoites (double nuclei) or cysts in stool
4
Q
Tx of giardia
A
Metronidazole
5
Q
How does Entamoeba histolytica present
A
Amebiasis
6
Q
What is amebiasis
A
Dysentery from entamoeba histolytica
7
Q
How does Amebiasis present
A
Bloody diarrhea (invades)
Liver abscess
RUQ pain
8
Q
What bacterial infection does amebiasis resemble
A
Shigella bacterial dysentery - both invade colon
9
Q
Anchovy paste exudate
A
Liver abscess 2/2 entamoeba histolytica
10
Q
Diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica
A
Serology
Trophozoites w/RBCs in cytoplasm
Cysts in stool
11
Q
Tx of entamoeba histolytica
A
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst carriers
12
Q
How does cryptosporidium present
A
Severe diarrhea in AIDS Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in non-immunocompromised
13
Q
Diagnosis of cryptosporidium
A
Oocytes on acid fast stain
14
Q
Protozoa seen on acid fast stain
A
Cryptosporidium
15
Q
What are 3 protozoan CNS infections
A
Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei
16
Q
Classic triad of toxo
A
Chorioretinitis
Hydrocephalus
Intracranial calcifications
17
Q
How is toxo transmitted
A
Cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces
Cross placenta
18
Q
Toxo plasma tx
A
Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine
19
Q
Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis
A
Naegleria fowleri
20
Q
African sleeping sickness
A
Trypanosoma brucei
21
Q
How does trypanosoma present
A
lymphadenopathy
recurring fever
somnolence, coma
22
Q
Dx of tse tse fly fever/african sleeping sickness
A
Blood smear
23
Q
Tx of trypanosoma brucei
A
Suramin - blood borne disease
Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
24
Q
Which species of plasmodium are chloroquine resistant
A
P. vivax and ovale
25
Presentation of P vivax/ovale
48 hour cycle (fevers on 1st and 3rd day)
26
Tx of P vivax/Ovale
Primaquine for hypnozoite
| Chloroquine to block plasmodium
27
What to do before starting primaquine
Test for G6PD deficiency
28
Dormant form of P vivax/Oale
Hypnozoite in liver
29
What triggers fever chills in malaria
Merozoites released from schizont
30
What malaria type is the worst
P. falciparum
31
Sx of malara (all types)
Fever, HA, anemia, splenomegaly
32
Sx of P falciparum
Severe form
Irregular fever patterns
Parasitized RBCs occlude capillraies in brain, kidneys, and lungs
33
Sx of P. malariae
72 hour cycle of fevers
34
How to treat plasmodium if it's chloroquine resistant
Mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
35
Tx of life-threatening malaria
IV quinidine
36
Maltese cross
Merazoite tetrad form of babesia
37
Babesiosis
Fever and hemolytic anemia
38
what increases risk of severe disease in babesiosis
Asplenia
39
Transmission of babesia
Ixodes tick
40
Diagnosis of babesia
Blood smear - see ring form and maltese cross
41
Tx of babesia
Atovaquone + azithromycin
42
How is trypanosoma cruzi transmitted
```
Reduviid bug (kissing bug) in feces
Deposited in a painless bite
```
43
Tx of trypanosoma cruzi
Benznidazole or nifurtimox
44
Sx of trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
| Dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus
45
Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis
46
Leishmaniasis sx
Spiking fevers, HSM, pancytopenia
47
How is leshmaniasis transmitted
Sandfly
48
Diagnosis of leishmaniasis
Macrophages contain amastigotes
49
Tx of leishmaniasis
Amphotericin B
| Sodium Stibogluconate
50
How is trichomonas vaginalis similar to Gardnerella vaginalis
Both increase vaginal pH and both are treated with metronidazole (But gardnerella is a bacteria associated with BV)
51
What is the most common protozoal infection in the US
Trichomonas vaginalis
52
Tx of trichomonas
Metronidazole
53
Diagnosis of trichomonas
Trophozoites that are motile on wet mount
54
Strawberry cervix
Trichomonas
55
Nematodes
Roundworms
56
Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm
57
Itching butt and positive Scotch Tape test
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
58
Treatment of pinworm
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
59
Ascaris lumbricoides
Giant roundworm causing intestinal infxn
60
Ascaris lumbricoides tx
Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate
61
Strongyloides stercoralis transmission
Larvae in soil penetrate skin -> blood -> lungs -> cough and swallow them -> GI tract
62
Disease caused by strongyloides
Intestinal infection
| Vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain
63
Tx of strongyloides
Ivermectin or albendazole
64
Ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus
Hookworms
65
Hookworm transmission
Larvae penetrate skin-> blood -> lungs -> cough and swallow them -> GI tract where they suck blood
66
Disease from hookworm
Intestinal infection that causes anemia (they suck blood from intestinal walls)
67
Anemia from intestinal infection
Hookworm
68
Tx of hookworm
Bendazole or pyrantel pamoate
69
Disease caused by onchocerca volvulus
Hyperpigmented skin and river blindness
| Possible allergic reaction to microflaria
70
Disease transmitted by female blackfly bite
Onchocerca volvulus
71
Tx of Onchocerca volvulus
Ivermectin
72
Wuchereria bancrofti
Elephentiasis by blocking lymphatic vessels
73
Treatment of loa loa and elephentiasis
Diethylcarbamazine
74
Toxocara canis transmission
Fecal oral
75
Disease caused by toxocara canis
Visceral larva migrans
76
Tx of toxocara
Albendazole or mebendazole
77
Nematode routes of infection mnemonic
Ingested: EAT - enterobius, ascaris, toxocara
Cutaneous: SANd - strongyloides, ancylostoma, necator
Bites: LOW (lay low to avoid getting bitten) - loa loa, onchocerca, wuchereria
78
Cause of cysticercosis
Taenia solium
79
Taenia solium
Cestode (tapeworm)
80
How is taenia solium transmitted and what diseases does each cause
Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork -> adult tapeworm -> intestinal infection
Ingestion of eggs -> larval infection - > cysti/neurocysticercosis
81
Tx of intestinal infection from taenia
Praziquantel
82
Tx of cysticercosis
Praziquantel
83
Tx of neurocysticercosis
Albendazole and dexamethasone
84
What tapeworm causes B12 deficiency anemia
Diphylllobothrium latum
85
How is diphyllobothrium transmitted
Eating larvae from raw freshwater fish
86
Echinococcus granulosus
Tapeworm
87
How is Echinococcus granulosus transmitted
Ingestion of eggs from dog feces
88
Disease from Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid cysts in liver, cause anaphylaxis of antigens released
89
Tx for Echinococcus granulosus
Surgery for removal, albendazole
90
Hydatid cysts in liver tapeworm
Echinococcus granulosus
91
Schistoma
Trematode (fluke)
92
How is schistoma transmitted
Snails are host (where larvae mature)
| Cercariae penetrate skin of humans
93
Swimmers itch
Schistoma (blood fluke)
94
What chronic disease can schistoma cause
Chronic infection can lead to SCC of the bladder
| Portal HTN, splenomegaly
95
Schistoma infection disease
Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation
Can get portal HTN, splenomegaly
Chronic infection -> SCC of bladder
96
What trematode/fluke is associated wtih cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
97
Treatment of all flukes
Praziquantel
98
How is clonorchis sinensis transmitted
Undercooked fish
99
What disease does clonorchis sinensis cause
BIliary tract inflammation -> Pigmented gallstones
100
Parasite associated with biliary tract disease and cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
101
Parasite associated with brain cysts and seizures
Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
102
Parasite associated with hematuria and bladder cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
103
Parasite associated with liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
104
Parasite associated with microcytic anemia
Ancylostoma, Necator (hookworms)
105
Parasite associated with perianal pruritis
Enterobius (pinworm)
106
Parasite associated with Portal HTN
Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum
107
Parasite associated with Vitamin B12 defy
Diphyllobothrium latum
