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Micro > Bacteriology II and Gram Positives > Flashcards

Bacteriology II and Gram Positives Flashcards

1
Q

What test separates Staph Aureus from other staph species

A

Coagulate - Staph A is coagulase +

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2
Q

What does coagulase do

A

Virulence - allows bacteria to induce coagulation, and allows binding to fibrin and fibrinogen - increasing binding to host tissues and decreasing phagocytosis

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3
Q

What are some coagulase negative staph species

A

S. epidermidis

S. saprophyticus

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4
Q

How to differentiate coagulase negative staph species?

A

Novobiocin test

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5
Q

What is beta hemolysis

A

Complete hemolysis of blood agar

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6
Q

What types of strep cause beta hemolysis

A

Group A and Group B Strep

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7
Q

What is group A strep and what does it cause

A

Strep Pyogenes - causes strep throat

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8
Q

What is group B strep

A

Strep agalactiae

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9
Q

What is alpha hemolysis

A

Partial hemolysis - green circle

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10
Q

What are two types of strep with alpha hemolysis?

A
  1. Strep pneumo

2. Strep Viridians (green)

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11
Q

Gram positive diplococci with capsule

A

Strep pneumo

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12
Q

How to differentiate alpha hemolytic species

A

Strep pneumo has a capsule

Strep viridians does not

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13
Q

What is gamma hemolysis and what is it typical of

A

No hemolysis - Enterococcus

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14
Q

What are the gram + rods?

A 
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Bacillus
Mycobacterium (acid-fast)
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15
Q

Gram + anaerobic rod

A

Clostridium

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16
Q

What are gram + bacteria that have branching filaments

A

Actinomyces and nocardia

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17
Q

How to differentiate gram + bacteria with branching filaments?

A

Actinomyces - anaerobe, not acid fast

Nocardia - aerobe, acid fast

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18
Q

What is staph aurerus protein A?

A

Virulence factor that can bind Fc-IgG which inhibits complement activation/opsonization and phagocytosis

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19
Q

What are the pigment producing bacteria

A

Staph Aureus
Actinomyces israelii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Serratia marcescens

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20
Q

Large golden colonies

A

Staph Aureus

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21
Q

Yellow/sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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22
Q

Blue-green pigment

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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23
Q

Red pigment

A

Serratia marcescens

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24
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

Coag neg staph

UTIs

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25
Q

What staph species infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters

A

Staph epidermidis - produces adherent biofilms

26
Q

Strep pneumoniae diseases

A

Most common cause of both CAP and bacterial meningitis in adults. Rust colored sputum.
Causes otitis media and sinusitis

27
Q

Rusty colored sputum

A

Strep pneumo

28
Q

Virulence factors of S. pneumo

A

IgA protease - can cleave IgA on mucosa surfaces

Capsule

29
Q

Viridans strep

A

Many species that have alpha (partial) hemolysis, no capsule

Considered normal flora

30
Q

How do viridans strep get into blood stream

A

S. sanguinis can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged valves
They make dextrans that bind fibrin-plt aggregates on damaged heart valves

31
Q

What does strep pyogenes cause

A

Pyogenic - pharyngitis, cellulitis, impetigo
Toxigenic - Scarlet fever, TSS, nec fasc
Immunologic - rheumatic fever, PSGN

32
Q

What is the Jones criteria

A 
For rhuematic fever
Joints - polyarthritis
O - heart - pancarditis
Nodules - subcutaenous
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
33
Q

Group B strep (Strep agalactiae) - CAMP factor

A

Enlarges area of hemolysis formed by S. Aureus

34
Q

Hippurate test

A

Positive in GBS

35
Q

What strep species are bacitracin sensitive and resistant

A

Sensitive - Strep pyogenes

Resistant - Strep agalactiae

36
Q

Enterococci

A

Endocarditis and UTI

Antibiotic resistance

37
Q

Strep bovis and what does it cause

A

Group D strep
Colonizes the gut
Can cause bacteremia and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer pateints

38
Q

What bacteria can grow in 6.5% NaCl and bile

A

Enterococci

39
Q

How is corynebacterium diphtheriae diagnosed

A

Gram positive rods w/metachromatic granules

Elek test for toxin

40
Q

What does corynebacterium diphtheriae look like on agar

A

Black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar

41
Q

What is the ABCDEFG of corynebacterium diphtheriae

A 
ADP-ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
EF-2
Granules
42
Q

Antibiotics for diphtheria

A

Antitoxin
Erythromycin or penicillin
Give vaccine - natural infection doesn’t induce immunity

43
Q

Clostridia

A

Spore forming gram + rods that are obligate anaerobes

44
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Spore - Makes tetanospasmin

Once inoculated in a wound, becomes a gram positive rod, makes the toxin

45
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Heat labile toxin that inhibits Ach at NMJ

46
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Produces alpha toxin - a phospholipase that causes myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis

47
Q

C. Diff toxins

A

Produces 2 toxins
Toxin A: enterotoxin that binds brush border
Toxin B: cytotoxin that causes cytoskeletal disruption via actin depolymerization –> pseudomembranous colitis –> diarrhea

48
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Gram positive rod
Produces toxin w/3 components
Only bacterium w/ a polypeptide capsule

49
Q

Cutaneous anthrax

A

More common
Spores under the skin
Small papule appears transforms into small painless ulcer w/central necrosis, black eschar
Surrounding edema and erythema

50
Q

Pulmonary anthrax

A

Inhalation of spores - phagocytosed in alveoli –> mediastinal LNs.
Flu like symptoms that rapidly progress to fever, pulmonary hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and shock.
Woolsorter’s disease.

51
Q

What does pulmonary anthrax look like on CXR

A

Mediastinal widening

52
Q

What are some obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridium tetani
Actinomyces
Bacteroides

53
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Gram positive rod
Facultative intracellular organism
Tumbling motility

54
Q

How does listeria enter body

A

Through GI tract - penetrates intestinal mucosa and is taken up by monocytes

55
Q

How does listeria get into cytosol

A

From phagosome via listeriolysin O

56
Q

How does listeria evade antibody

A

Forms rocket tails via actin polymerization that allows movement through cytoplasm and into cell membrane, avoiding antibody

57
Q

Actinomyces

A

Anaerobes that colonize OP and GI tract

58
Q

Nocardia

A

Gram positive aerobe, looks like actinomyces, acid fast.

Found in soil

59
Q

In whom does nocardia cause infection

A

Pulmonary infections in immunocompromised and cutaneous infections after trauma in immunocompetent

60
Q

Treatment of actinomyces

A

PCN

61
Q

Treatment of nocardia

A

Sulfonamides

62
Q

Actinomyces infections

A

Oral/facial abscesses that drain through sinus tracts

Micro (8 decks)

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