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Micro > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of fungi cause systemic mycoses

A

Dimorphic fungi

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2
Q

What are dimorphic fungi

A 
Cold = mold
Heat = yeast (except coccidio is a spherule in tissue)
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3
Q

What is the treatment for local infection with systemic mycoses

A

Fluconazole or itraconazole

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4
Q

What is the treatment for systemic infection with systemic mycoses

A

Amphotericin B

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5
Q

Endemic location of histoplasmosis

A

MS and OH river valleys

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6
Q

What does histoplasmosis cause

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

What mycosis is classically seen with bird or bat droppings

A

Histoplasmosis

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8
Q

Mycosis from Caves

A

Histoplasmosis

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9
Q

Monocyte filled with many small yeast, smaller than RBC

A

Histoplasmosis

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10
Q

Endemic to East of MS River and Central America

A

Blastomycosis

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11
Q

Blastomycosis presentation

A

Inflammatory lung disease - granulomatous nodules

Can disseminate to skin and bone

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12
Q

Broad base budding, same size as RBC

A

Blastomycosis

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13
Q

Spherule filled with endospores

A

Coccidiomycosis

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14
Q

Coccidiomycosis presentation

A

Pneumonia and meningitis

Can disseminate to skin and bone

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15
Q

How does coccidio spread

A

Forms spores in dust that can become airborne (for example after an earthquake rates increase), become spherules in the lungs, and spherules burst

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16
Q

Endemic mycosis to Latin america

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

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17
Q

Budding yeast with captains wheel formation, larger than RBC

A

Paracoccidiomycosis

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18
Q

Clinical presentation of paracoccidiomycosis

A

Severe pneumonia
Granulomatous formations
Widely disseminates after entering through lung

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19
Q

What causes tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

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20
Q

Pathophysiology of tinea versicolor

A

Lipid degradation produces acids. Acids damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented patches in hot humid weather

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21
Q

Hypopigmented patches in hot humid weather

A

Tinea versicolor

22
Q

Treatment for tinea versicolor

A

Topical miconazole

Selenium sulfide

23
Q

What do tineae like pedis, crucris, ringworm look like in KOH prep

A

Mold hyphae

Not dimorphic

24
Q

Treatment for vaginal candida

A

Topical azole

25
Q

Treatment for oral/esophageal candida

A

Fluconazole or caspofungin

26
Q

Treatment for systemic candida infection

A

Amphotericin B, fluconazole, or caspofungin

27
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for esophageal thrush

A

CMV
Candida
Herpes

28
Q

How is systemic candida diagnosed

A

Blood culture - look for Germ tubes at 37 degrees

29
Q

Germ tubes at 37 degrees

A

Candida albicans

30
Q

What do candida look like at 20 degrees

A

Pseudohyphae and budding yeasts

31
Q

What does aspergillus look like under microscope

A

Septate hyphae that branch at acute angles

32
Q

What is allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus infection associated with asthma and CF

Can cause bronchiectasis and eosinophilia

33
Q

Where is cryptococcus neoformans found

A

Soil and pigeon droppings

34
Q

How is cryptococcus acquired

A

Inhale capsules, spreads hematogenously to meninges

35
Q

Sabouraud agar

A

Cryptococcus culture

36
Q

Stains for cryptococcus

A

India ink and mucicarmine

37
Q

Latex agglutination test

A

Detects polysaccharide capsular antigen in cryptococcus

More specific than stains

38
Q

Treatment for cryptococcus

A

Amphotericin B + flucytosine

Then fluconazole

39
Q

What does Mucor look like under microscope

A

Irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles

40
Q

In whom does Mucor and Rhizopus cause disease

A

Ketoacidotic diabetics and neutropenic/leukemia patients

41
Q

Pathophysiology of Mucor and Rhizopus species

A

Fungi proliferate in blood vessel walls when there’s excess ketones and glucose. They penetrate the cribiform plate and enter brain

42
Q

Symptoms of Mucor/Rhizopus infection

A

Black eschar on face
Facial Pain
Cranial nerve involvement

43
Q

Treatment of Mucor/Rhizopus infection

A

Surgical debridement

Amphotericin B

44
Q

Identify pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Disc shaped yeast

Forms on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

45
Q

Treatment for pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX

Pentamidine

46
Q

Prophylaxis for pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX
Dapsone
ATovaquone

47
Q

What does sporothrix schenckii look like

A

Dimorphic cigar shaped budding yeast

48
Q

Rose gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii - sporotrichosis

49
Q

Pathophysiology of sporotrichosis

A

Introduced during trauma to skin. Causes a local ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics

50
Q

Treatment for sporotrichosis

A

Itraconazole or potassium iodide

51
Q

What are the 4 dermatophyte molds

A
  1. Trichophyton rubrum
  2. Microsporum
  3. Epidermophyton
  4. Malassezia furfur

Micro (8 decks)

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