Bacterial structures

Question 1

Peptidoglycan function

Answer 1

Rigid support

Protection against osmotic pressure

Question 2

Peptidoglycan chemical composition

Answer 2

Sugar backbone w/peptide side chains crosslinked by transpeptidase

Question 3

Cell wall/cell membrane (gram +) antigenic property

Answer 3

Lipoteichoic acid induces TNF and IL-1

Question 4

Outer membrane (gram -) antigenic property

Answer 4

Site of endotoxin (LPS), a major surface antigen
Lipid A induces TNF and IL-1
Antigen is O polysaccharide

Question 5

What enzymes are contained in the Plasma membrane

Answer 5

Site of oxidative and transport enzymes

Question 6

Chemical composition of ribosome

Answer 6

50S and 30S subunits - make 70s

Question 7

What is the periplasm

Answer 7

Space between cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane in gram negative bacteria

Question 8

What enzymes are contained in periplasm

Answer 8

Contains hydrolytic enzymes including beta lactamases

Question 9

What is the role of the capsule

Answer 9

Protects against phagocytosis

Question 10

Composition of capsule

Answer 10

Polysaccharide (except anthrax that has D-glutamate)

Question 11

Function of fimbria

Answer 11

Mediates adherence of bacteria to cell surface

Allows for colonization of GI tract

Question 12

What is the pilus

Answer 12

Sex pilus forms attachment between 2 bacteria during conjugation

Question 13

Chemical composition of pilus and fimbria

Answer 13

Glycoprotein

Question 14

Composition of flagellum

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

Chemical composition of spore

Answer 15

Keratin-like coat
Dipicolinic acid
Peptidoglycan

Question 16

What is the glycocalyx

Answer 16

A sugar coat that mediates adherence to surfaces especially foreign surfaces like indwelling catheters

Question 17

What determines how much stain is taken up in gram staining

Answer 17

Peptidoglycan