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Module 2 vet med > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a parasite

A

Organism which lives in/on a host and obtains nourishment from it

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2
Q

What is essiential for a parasites survival

A

Host

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3
Q

Parasite provides what to the host

A

No benefit

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4
Q

What are the different types of parasites

A

Micro(unicellular) Protozoa
Macro(multicellular) metazoa, nematodes
Platyhelminths(flatworms), arthropods(ectoparasites)

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5
Q

Do Protozoa have a nucleus

A

Yes

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6
Q

Aspects of parasites and parasitic infecton

A
  1. Taxonomy
  2. Life cycle
  3. Parasite survival
  4. Control of parasites
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7
Q

What is taxonomy

A

Classification relationship between organisms

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8
Q

What is life cycle

A

Parasite stages- infective to host, responsible for disease, controlled by drugs

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9
Q

What is control of parasites

A

Environmental management
Drugs
Vaccines

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10
Q

Protozoa is

A

Unicellular

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11
Q

Examples of a protozoa

A

Plasmodium in malaria

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12
Q

Eukaryotic cells is

A

DNA stored in chromosomes inside nuclear envelopes

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13
Q

Do protozoan parasites multiply within the host

A

Yes

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14
Q

What are features of protozoan parasites

A

Small number of infecting parasites to a large number of replication
Occurs rapidly- short generation time

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15
Q

Who are involved in usually acute infections with protozoan parasites

A

Young
Old
Pregnant
Lactating

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16
Q

Taxonomy is based on

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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17
Q

Lifecycles can either be

A

Direct or indirect

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18
Q

What is a direct life cycle

A

No intermediate host

19
Q

Indirect life cycle

A

Intermediate host required- vector

20
Q

Trypanosomatidae life cycle

A

Vertebrate host to reproductive stage to infective VH to invertebrate host

21
Q

Metazoan parasite is a what type of organism

A

Multicellular organism

22
Q

How often does Metazoan parasite multiply in the host

A

Rarely

23
Q

How long is the generation time in a Metazoan parasite

A

Long generation time

24
Q

Chronic infections are most common in which parasite

A

Metazoan parasite

25
Q

What nematodes are present in intestines

A

Toxocara
Ascaris
Haemonchus

26
Q

What is the nematode for bovine lungworm

A

Dictyocaulus

27
Q

Appropriate methods of parasitic control

A

Vector control
Vaccines if developed
Wild animal reservoir removal
Resistant breeds
Drugs
Rotational grazing

28
Q

Prevention of parasites involves

A

Good hygiene
Husbandry
Vector eradication
Drugs

29
Q

Antihelmintics are

A

For nematodes and flukes

30
Q

Blood borne viruses include

A

HIV
Hepatitis B and C
Dengue

31
Q

What size is the genome for blood borne parasites

A

Small

32
Q

What is the name of tick borne fever

A

Anaplasma

33
Q

Parasites include

A

Plasmodium
Babesia
Theleria
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Dirotilaria

34
Q

It’s important to know life cycle to understand

A

How specific parasite is transmitted
Wher the parasite located within the host
How the parasite causes disease
How to diagnose infection
How to control infection

35
Q

Babesia features

A

Rbc parasite
Problem mainly in cattle, dogs, humans

36
Q

Leishmania features

A

Macrophage parasite
Mainly in dogs and humans

37
Q

In a Babesia parasite it can cause

A

Lysis and can spread to other cells

38
Q

Example of an indirect lifecycle

A

Tick vector
Worldwide
Replicates within rbcs
Disease- haemolytic anaemia
Treatment- drug
Prevention- acaracides to kill ticks

39
Q

Clinical signs of babesiosis

A

Fever then anaemia- pale, yellow mucous membrane
Increased respiratory- heart rate
Haemoglobinuria
Can progress to dehydration, weak pulse, loss of weight, milk production

40
Q

Haemoglobinuria is

A

Blood in the urine

41
Q

How do leishmania survive

A
  1. Amastigotes hide inside host macrophages mac is effector cell but parasites not killed
  2. Parasite disrupts mac function
    Decrease in reactive oxygen intermediates
    Decrease in lysosomal enzyme activity
42
Q

Metazoanfilaarial parasite features

A

Hosts- dogs, cats, ferrets, sea lions
Mosquito vectors
Where- USA
Location- adults develop in right artery of heart larvae circulate in the blood
Disease- heartworm- chronic cough, exercise intolerance, cardiovascular dysfunction
Treatment- anthelmintic drugs
Prevention- ivermectin drugs

43
Q
A

Module 2 vet med (16 decks)

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