Parasitology

Question 1

What is a parasite

Answer 1

Organism which lives in/on a host and obtains nourishment from it

Question 2

What is essiential for a parasites survival

Answer 2

Host

Question 3

Parasite provides what to the host

Answer 3

No benefit

Question 4

What are the different types of parasites

Answer 4

Micro(unicellular) Protozoa
Macro(multicellular) metazoa, nematodes
Platyhelminths(flatworms), arthropods(ectoparasites)

Question 5

Do Protozoa have a nucleus

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

Aspects of parasites and parasitic infecton

Answer 6

1. Taxonomy
2. Life cycle
3. Parasite survival
4. Control of parasites

Question 7

What is taxonomy

Answer 7

Classification relationship between organisms

Question 8

What is life cycle

Answer 8

Parasite stages- infective to host, responsible for disease, controlled by drugs

Question 9

What is control of parasites

Answer 9

Environmental management
Drugs
Vaccines

Question 10

Protozoa is

Answer 10

Unicellular

Question 11

Examples of a protozoa

Answer 11

Plasmodium in malaria

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells is

Answer 12

DNA stored in chromosomes inside nuclear envelopes

Question 13

Do protozoan parasites multiply within the host

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What are features of protozoan parasites

Answer 14

Small number of infecting parasites to a large number of replication
Occurs rapidly- short generation time

Question 15

Who are involved in usually acute infections with protozoan parasites

Answer 15

Young
Old
Pregnant
Lactating

Question 16

Taxonomy is based on

Answer 16

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 17

Lifecycles can either be

Answer 17

Direct or indirect

Question 18

What is a direct life cycle

Answer 18

No intermediate host

Question 19

Indirect life cycle

Answer 19

Intermediate host required- vector

Question 20

Trypanosomatidae life cycle

Answer 20

Vertebrate host to reproductive stage to infective VH to invertebrate host

Question 21

Metazoan parasite is a what type of organism

Answer 21

Multicellular organism

Question 22

How often does Metazoan parasite multiply in the host

Answer 22

Rarely

Question 23

How long is the generation time in a Metazoan parasite

Answer 23

Long generation time

Question 24

Chronic infections are most common in which parasite

Answer 24

Metazoan parasite

Question 25

What nematodes are present in intestines

Answer 25

Toxocara Ascaris Haemonchus

Question 26

What is the nematode for bovine lungworm

Answer 26

Dictyocaulus

Question 27

Appropriate methods of parasitic control

Answer 27

Vector control Vaccines if developed Wild animal reservoir removal Resistant breeds Drugs Rotational grazing

Question 28

Prevention of parasites involves

Answer 28

Good hygiene Husbandry Vector eradication Drugs

Question 29

Antihelmintics are

Answer 29

For nematodes and flukes

Question 30

Blood borne viruses include

Answer 30

HIV Hepatitis B and C Dengue

Question 31

What size is the genome for blood borne parasites

Answer 31

Small

Question 32

What is the name of tick borne fever

Answer 32

Anaplasma

Question 33

Parasites include

Answer 33

Plasmodium Babesia Theleria Trypanosoma Leishmania Dirotilaria

Question 34

It’s important to know life cycle to understand

Answer 34

How specific parasite is transmitted Wher the parasite located within the host How the parasite causes disease How to diagnose infection How to control infection

Question 35

Babesia features

Answer 35

Rbc parasite Problem mainly in cattle, dogs, humans

Question 36

Leishmania features

Answer 36

Macrophage parasite Mainly in dogs and humans

Question 37

In a Babesia parasite it can cause

Answer 37

Lysis and can spread to other cells

Question 38

Example of an indirect lifecycle

Answer 38

Tick vector Worldwide Replicates within rbcs Disease- haemolytic anaemia Treatment- drug Prevention- acaracides to kill ticks

Question 39

Clinical signs of babesiosis

Answer 39

Fever then anaemia- pale, yellow mucous membrane Increased respiratory- heart rate Haemoglobinuria Can progress to dehydration, weak pulse, loss of weight, milk production

Question 40

Haemoglobinuria is

Answer 40

Blood in the urine

Question 41

How do leishmania survive

Answer 41

1. Amastigotes hide inside host macrophages mac is effector cell but parasites not killed 2. Parasite disrupts mac function Decrease in reactive oxygen intermediates Decrease in lysosomal enzyme activity

Question 42

Metazoanfilaarial parasite features

Answer 42

Hosts- dogs, cats, ferrets, sea lions Mosquito vectors Where- USA Location- adults develop in right artery of heart larvae circulate in the blood Disease- heartworm- chronic cough, exercise intolerance, cardiovascular dysfunction Treatment- anthelmintic drugs Prevention- ivermectin drugs