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Module 2 vet med > Body fluids > Flashcards

Body fluids Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the fluid go when animals are delivered intracellular fluids

A

When fluid is delivered to the bone

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2
Q

Biological membranes acts as

A

Permeability barriers

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3
Q

What is diffusion

A

When a molecule moves down an electrochemical gradient

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4
Q

Why are protein pores used

A

If molecules are too big to pass through bilayer

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5
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Conformational change of the protein which causes transport in and out of the cell

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6
Q

Does active transport use ATP

A

Yes

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7
Q

In primary active transport where does the protein sit

A

Cell membrane

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8
Q

Primary active transport takes ATP and

A

Splits it into ADP

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9
Q

What is the feature of active transport that makes it primary

A

Binding of solute and break down of ATP happens simultaneously

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10
Q

What type of transport is cotransport system

A

Secondary active transport

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11
Q

Why is active transport secondary

A

Protein which is moving the molecule is not the protein which splits ATP
Stored chemical energy is used

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12
Q

Active transport creates a difference in

A

Charge

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13
Q

Solutes move between fluid compartments through

A

Diffusion
Active transport
Exo/endocytosis
Bulk flow

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14
Q

Rate of diffusion is defined by what law

A

Ficks law

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15
Q

What is the equation for Ficks law

A

Ds
Dt. =. DS

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16
Q

Does bulk flow need ATP

A

No it is a passive process

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17
Q

What is bulk flow

A

Move molecules driven by pressure gradient for water

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18
Q

What is the process of exo and endocytosis

A

When molecules are moved in and out of the cell through membrane bound vesicles

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19
Q

What is Donnans effect

A

Presence of a non permeable charged solute affects the distribution of permeable concentration is equal on both ends

20
Q

What is osmosis

A

Movement of water down the concentration gradient

21
Q

What force aids osmosis

A

Gravity

22
Q

What is osmolarity

A

Describes the number of particles of a solute that are present within that solution

23
Q

Why does sodium chloride have an osm of 2 in comparison to glucose which is 1 osm

A

Sodium chloride is an electrolyte and will form a mole of Na ions and a mole of Cl ions in solution

24
Q

What is ionicity

A

Whether water will move between two solutions

25
Q

If you have two isotonic solutions there should be

A

No net water flow
If a solution is hypertonic it contain more non permeable solutes so therefore a lower water concentration

26
Q

What is the total body water in an adult

A

55-60 percent

27
Q

What fraction of water is in intercellular fluid

A

2/3

28
Q

What fraction of water is in the extracellular fluid

A

1/3

29
Q

Where is the extracellular fluid body water in the body

A

Transcellular- cerebrospinal, eyes, synovial fluid in joints
Blood plasma
Interstitial fluid

30
Q

When does capillary hydrostatic pressure decrease

A

When blood is spread over a large number of small capillaries

31
Q

As we go across a capillary bed we see a gradual decrease in

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

32
Q

What happens when a solution is hypotonic

A

It will contain less non permeable solutes

33
Q

What happens when there is a low quantity of non permeable solutes in a solution

A

Higher water concentration

34
Q

Water will ALWAYS flow out of what type of solution

A

Hypotonic

35
Q

What type of solution does a hypotonic solution flow into

A

Hypertonic

36
Q

What is oedema

A

Accumulation of excess water in the tissues

37
Q

What are the starling forces

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Osmotic forces
Interstitial osmotic pressure

38
Q

Where do the starling forces occur

A

Capillaries

39
Q

Osmotic forces is due to

A

Large proteins- unchaotic pressure

40
Q

What is a sign of unbalanced starlings forces

A

Oedema

41
Q

What happens to the starlings forces when there is an increased cardiac output

A

Increased arterior pressure
Increased capillary pressure
Increased filtration

42
Q

When happens to starling forces during exercises

A

Increased arterior pressure
Increased capillary pressure
Increased filtration

43
Q

What happens to starling forces when inflammation occurs

A

Increased interstitial protein concentration
Increased osmotic force
Increased filtration

44
Q

What happens to starlings forces when there is heart disease and venous obstruction

A

Increase venous pressure
Increase capillary pressure
Increased flitration

45
Q

What happens to starling forces when there is liver disease, kidney disease or protein malnutrition

A

Decrease in plasma protein
Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased filtration

Module 2 vet med (16 decks)

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