Body fluids Flashcards
Where does the fluid go when animals are delivered intracellular fluids
When fluid is delivered to the bone
Biological membranes acts as
Permeability barriers
What is diffusion
When a molecule moves down an electrochemical gradient
Why are protein pores used
If molecules are too big to pass through bilayer
What is facilitated diffusion
Conformational change of the protein which causes transport in and out of the cell
Does active transport use ATP
Yes
In primary active transport where does the protein sit
Cell membrane
Primary active transport takes ATP and
Splits it into ADP
What is the feature of active transport that makes it primary
Binding of solute and break down of ATP happens simultaneously
What type of transport is cotransport system
Secondary active transport
Why is active transport secondary
Protein which is moving the molecule is not the protein which splits ATP
Stored chemical energy is used
Active transport creates a difference in
Charge
Solutes move between fluid compartments through
Diffusion
Active transport
Exo/endocytosis
Bulk flow
Rate of diffusion is defined by what law
Ficks law
What is the equation for Ficks law
Ds
Dt. =. DS
Does bulk flow need ATP
No it is a passive process
What is bulk flow
Move molecules driven by pressure gradient for water
What is the process of exo and endocytosis
When molecules are moved in and out of the cell through membrane bound vesicles
What is Donnans effect
Presence of a non permeable charged solute affects the distribution of permeable concentration is equal on both ends
What is osmosis
Movement of water down the concentration gradient
What force aids osmosis
Gravity
What is osmolarity
Describes the number of particles of a solute that are present within that solution
Why does sodium chloride have an osm of 2 in comparison to glucose which is 1 osm
Sodium chloride is an electrolyte and will form a mole of Na ions and a mole of Cl ions in solution
What is ionicity
Whether water will move between two solutions
If you have two isotonic solutions there should be
No net water flow
If a solution is hypertonic it contain more non permeable solutes so therefore a lower water concentration
What is the total body water in an adult
55-60 percent
What fraction of water is in intercellular fluid
2/3
What fraction of water is in the extracellular fluid
1/3
Where is the extracellular fluid body water in the body
Transcellular- cerebrospinal, eyes, synovial fluid in joints
Blood plasma
Interstitial fluid
When does capillary hydrostatic pressure decrease
When blood is spread over a large number of small capillaries
As we go across a capillary bed we see a gradual decrease in
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
What happens when a solution is hypotonic
It will contain less non permeable solutes
What happens when there is a low quantity of non permeable solutes in a solution
Higher water concentration
Water will ALWAYS flow out of what type of solution
Hypotonic
What type of solution does a hypotonic solution flow into
Hypertonic
What is oedema
Accumulation of excess water in the tissues
What are the starling forces
Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Osmotic forces
Interstitial osmotic pressure
Where do the starling forces occur
Capillaries
Osmotic forces is due to
Large proteins- unchaotic pressure
What is a sign of unbalanced starlings forces
Oedema
What happens to the starlings forces when there is an increased cardiac output
Increased arterior pressure
Increased capillary pressure
Increased filtration
When happens to starling forces during exercises
Increased arterior pressure
Increased capillary pressure
Increased filtration
What happens to starling forces when inflammation occurs
Increased interstitial protein concentration
Increased osmotic force
Increased filtration
What happens to starlings forces when there is heart disease and venous obstruction
Increase venous pressure
Increase capillary pressure
Increased flitration
What happens to starling forces when there is liver disease, kidney disease or protein malnutrition
Decrease in plasma protein
Decreased oncotic pressure
Increased filtration
