Non regenerative anaemia Flashcards
What is non regenerative anaemia
A decreased production of red blood bone marrow cells
Is this caused by a bone marrow disease?
Yes
What is more common secondary or primary non regenerative anaemia
Secondary
What is secondary non regenerative anaemia
Diseases outside the bone marrow affects the bone marrows ability to produce new red cells
What can be causes of secondary non regenerative anaemia
Nutritional deficiencies
Inflammation
Chronic renal disease
Others like liver disease etc.
What types of deficiencies can be associated with nutritional deficiency anaemia
Protein deficiency
Mineral deficiency
Vitamin deficiency
Why is iron important in the blood
Essiential component of haem which carries oxygen in rbcs
What happens in iron deficiency anaemia
Interferes with Haemoglobin production which causes decreased production of rbcs
What type of cells are produced in iron deficiency anaemia
Hypochromic microcytes
What happens to the red cell indices in relation to iron deficiency anaemia
Decreased MCV
Decreased MCHC
What is a hypochromic microcyte cell
Paler in colour and small cell
Causes of iron deficiency anaemia
Chronic external blood loss- haemorrhage
GI ulceration
Neoplasia
Parasites
Clotting disorder
Inflammatory GI disease
Decreased iron intake
What type of non regenerative anaemia can appear regenerative in early stages
Iron deficiency anaemia
What type of cells in anaemia of inflammation
Normocytic normochromic
What other type of anaemia does an iron deficiency go along with
Anaemia of inflammation
What do cytokines do in anaemia of inflammation
Inhibit epo production or BM progenitor cells so reduce rbc production
Anaemia secondary to chronic renal disease is caused by
Functional marrow failure due to reduced erythropoietin
What is erythropoietin
Hormone that tells BM to make rbcs
What type of cells are involved with anaemia secondary to chronic renal disease
Normocytic normochromix
What is azotemia
Increase in products in the blood
What is isothenuria
Change in concentration of the urine
What is primary non regenerative anaemia
Disease within the bone marrow that affects ability to produce new rbcs
What is hypoplastic anaemia
Producing less
What is aplastic anaemia
Producing none
What is bone marrow neoplasia
Cancer
What happens in primary hypoplastic/ aplastic anaemia
Cellularity of BM is reduced
What is pure red cell aplasia
Only affects the red blood cell line
What are causes of pure red cell aplasia
Immune mediated
Infectious
EPO replacement therapy
Preleukamic conditions
When the anaemia involves many cell lines what is this referred to as
Aplastic anaemia
What is classic aplastic anaemia classified by
Pancytopenia
What are the causes of classic aplastic anaemia
Idiopathic
Drugs
Chemicals
Radiation
Infectious agents
What is panocytopenia
Reduction or absence of all blood cell lines
In pancytopenia development is usually
Gradual starting with cells with shorter lifespan
What is the cell process involving pancytopenia
Granulocytes to platelets to erythroytes
Examples of causes of pancytopenia
Bracken poisoning- cattle
Estrogen, sulphadiazine
Parvovirus
Feline leukaemia virus
Sporadic
Bleeding calf syndrome
What is another name for erythrocytosis
Polycynthaemia
What is erythrocytosis
Abnormally increased red cell mass
What is increased in erythrocytosis
Rbc count
HCT
PCV
Hb levels
What are the two types of erythrocytosis
Absolute
Relative
Absolute erythrocytosis can be
Primary or secondary
What is primary erythrocytosis
Not controlled by EPO
What is secondary erythrocytosis
Due to increased EPO production
What is the most commonly encountered form of erythrocytosis
Relative
What happens in relative erythrocytosis
Increased rbc, PCV and Hb levels due to decreased plasma
What is the main cause of erythrocytosis
Dehydration
What signs to look for in relative erythrocytosis
Clinical signs of dehydration
Increased protein levels
Splenic contraction
What is the name for increased protein levels
Hyperalbuminaemia
What is primary absolute erythrocytosis also referred as
Polycynthaemia vera
What is Polycynthaemia vera
When we are making more rbcs that we should be
What type of erythrocytosis is an uncontrolled expansion of red cell mass associated with
Absolute erythrocytosis
What is secondary erythrocytosis
Excess erythropoietin production
Secondary erythrocytosis can be classified into two categories of
Appropriate
Inappropriate
Examples of appropriate eryhtrocytosis
Hypoxia- fundamental stimulus to eryhtropoeisis
Causes of chronic hypoxia
Cardiovascular disease
Living at altitude
Chronic respiratory disease
Causes of inappropriate erthryocytosis
Kidney neoplasms
Non neoplastic disorders
Clinical signs of relative erythrocytosis
Backy mucous membranes
Sunken eyes
Increased skin tent
Clinical signs of absolute erythrocytosis
Neurological
Weakness
