Administration of fluids Flashcards
Fluid defect is
Failure of normal intake
Abnormal losses
Hypovoleamia is
A reduction in effective circulating volume
Dehydration is
A reduction in total body water
Clinical signs of dehydration
Dry mucous membranes
Skin tenting
Sunken eyes
Clinical signs of hypovolaemia
Depression
Weak, rapid pulses
Cold extremities
Prolonged capillary refill time
Under 5 percent dehydration is
Undetectable
5 percent hydration is
Slightly dry oral mucous membranes
Mild loss of skin elasticity
6-8 percent hydration is
Dry mucous membranes
Decrease in skin elasticity
Eyes start to look sunken
12-15 percent dehydration
Collapsed
10-12 percent dehydration is
Marked decreased in skin elasticity
Very dry mucous membrane
Sunken eyes
Signs of hypovolaemic shock
Lab tests for dehydration/ hypovolaemia
PCV
Total protein
Urine specific gravity
Serum lactate
What are the two main types of intravenous fluid
Crystalloids
Colloids
Crystalloids are
Solutions of electrolytes and glucose in water
Diffuse rapidly out of vascular compartment and distribute across ECF
Colloids are
Suspensions of larger molecular weight molecules in water/ electrolytes
Retained in the vascular compartments for longer
Main indications of Crystalloids fluid
Replace deficits of water and electrolytes
To acidify or alkalinise the ECF
To substitute normal drinking for a short period
Classification based on use of Crystalloids fluids
Plasma volume expanders
ECF replacement fluids
Alkalinsing fluids
Acidifying fluids
Maintenance fluids
Replacement fluids are used to
Replace fluid and electrolyte deficits
Isotonic
Balanced or unbalanced
Main indications of artificial colloids
To replace blood loss
To rapidly expand circulating volume
To support colloid osmotic pressure in hypoproteinaemia
Potiential adverse effects of artificial colloids
Anaphylaxis
Increased risk of bleeding
Acute kidney injury
Volume overload
