Administration of fluids

Question 1

Fluid defect is

Answer 1

Failure of normal intake
Abnormal losses

Question 2

Hypovoleamia is

Answer 2

A reduction in effective circulating volume

Question 3

Dehydration is

Answer 3

A reduction in total body water

Question 4

Clinical signs of dehydration

Answer 4

Dry mucous membranes
Skin tenting
Sunken eyes

Question 5

Clinical signs of hypovolaemia

Answer 5

Depression
Weak, rapid pulses
Cold extremities
Prolonged capillary refill time

Question 6

Under 5 percent dehydration is

Answer 6

Undetectable

Question 7

5 percent hydration is

Answer 7

Slightly dry oral mucous membranes
Mild loss of skin elasticity

Question 8

6-8 percent hydration is

Answer 8

Dry mucous membranes
Decrease in skin elasticity
Eyes start to look sunken

Question 9

12-15 percent dehydration

Answer 9

Collapsed

Question 10

10-12 percent dehydration is

Answer 10

Marked decreased in skin elasticity
Very dry mucous membrane
Sunken eyes
Signs of hypovolaemic shock

Question 11

Lab tests for dehydration/ hypovolaemia

Answer 11

PCV
Total protein
Urine specific gravity
Serum lactate

Question 12

What are the two main types of intravenous fluid

Answer 12

Crystalloids
Colloids

Question 13

Crystalloids are

Answer 13

Solutions of electrolytes and glucose in water
Diffuse rapidly out of vascular compartment and distribute across ECF

Question 14

Colloids are

Answer 14

Suspensions of larger molecular weight molecules in water/ electrolytes
Retained in the vascular compartments for longer

Question 15

Main indications of Crystalloids fluid

Answer 15

Replace deficits of water and electrolytes
To acidify or alkalinise the ECF
To substitute normal drinking for a short period

Question 16

Classification based on use of Crystalloids fluids

Answer 16

Plasma volume expanders
ECF replacement fluids
Alkalinsing fluids
Acidifying fluids
Maintenance fluids

Question 17

Replacement fluids are used to

Answer 17

Replace fluid and electrolyte deficits
Isotonic
Balanced or unbalanced

Question 18

Main indications of artificial colloids

Answer 18

To replace blood loss
To rapidly expand circulating volume
To support colloid osmotic pressure in hypoproteinaemia

Question 19

Potiential adverse effects of artificial colloids

Answer 19

Anaphylaxis
Increased risk of bleeding
Acute kidney injury
Volume overload