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NBME Micro > Parasites: Helminths - Trematodes and Cestodes > Flashcards

Parasites: Helminths - Trematodes and Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Cestodes

A
  1. Taenia Genus
  2. Taenia Saginata
  3. Taenia solium
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2
Q

cattle are intermediate hosts of

A

Taenia saginata

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3
Q

pigs are intermediate hosts of

A

Taenia solium

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4
Q

Taenia solium has characteristic

A

hooks on its scolex (head)

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5
Q

neurocysticercosis

A

is an infection of the CNS that can develop following ingestion of Taenia solium eggs

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6
Q

Taenia solium eggs

A

can be transmitted via feces-contaminated water

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7
Q

neurocysticercosis (a CNS infection caused by Taenia solium cestodes) can lead to

A

seizures

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8
Q

neurocysticercosis (a CNS infection caused by Taenia solium cestodes) shows characteristic

A

swiss cheese-like brain lesions on CT scan

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9
Q

ingestion of Taenia solium eggs (often from consumption of water contaminated by animal feces) can lead to

A

neurocysticercosis if parasites disseminate from the small intestine to the CNS

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10
Q

____________ is effective against taeniasis

A

parziquentel

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11
Q

treatment of neurocysticercosis (a CNS infection caused by Taenia solium cestodes) requires

A

the addition of albendazole

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12
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum

A

(also known as fish tapeworm (a cestode))

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13
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum can be transmitted via

A

ingestion of undercooked fish

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14
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum can cause

A

B12 deficiency, which may lead to megaloblastic anemia

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15
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum infection is associated with

A

cobalamin (B12) deficiency

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16
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum can lead to

A

megaloblastic anemia (due to consumption of B12)

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17
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum can exceed

A

10 meters in length, making it the longest tapeworm

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18
Q

proglottid segments of Diphyllobothrium latum can be seen on

A

stool exam

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19
Q

_________ is effective against Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  1. parziquantel

2. niclosamide

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20
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

a cestode

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21
Q

________ are definitive hosts for Echinococcus granulosus

A

dogs

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22
Q

________ are intermediate hosts for Echinococcus granulosus

A

sheep

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23
Q

Echinococcus granulosus eggs are transmitted via

24
Q

echinococcal liver cysts show

A

eggshell calcifications on abdominal CT

25
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infection can lead to

A

hydatid cyst formation in the liver

26
Q

rupture of hydatid cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus can lead to

A

an anaphylactic reaction

27
Q

_________ is seen in Echinococcus granulosus infection

A

eosinophilia

28
Q

free-living Schistosoma spp. cercariae are found in

A

aquatic environments, putting swimmers at risk of infection

29
Q

_______ are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma spp.

30
Q

Schistosoma spp. trematodes mature in the

31
Q

Schistosoma spp. trematodes migrate against

A

portal blood flow

32
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A

a trematode

33
Q

Schistosoma japonicum

A

a trematode

34
Q

eggs of Schistosoma mansoni have a

A

lateral spine

35
Q

eggs of Schistosoma japonicum have a

A

small spine, making them appear round

36
Q

Schistosoma spp. can cause

A

swimmer’s itch (an allergic reaction to Schistosoma trematodes that manifests as a rash, typically on the lower legs)

37
Q

schistosomiasis can cause

A

cirrhosis and periportal fibrosis, which may lead to portal hypertension

38
Q

hepatitis caused by schistosomiasis can present with

39
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

a trematode

40
Q

eggs of Schistosoma haematobium have a

A

large terminal spine

41
Q

schistosomiasis of the urinary tract can present with

42
Q

schistosomiasis is a risk factor for

A

squamous cell bladder cancer

43
Q

_______ is effective against Schistosoma spp.

A

parziquantel

44
Q

_______ are intermediate hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

45
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

a trematode

46
Q

Clonorchis sinensis infects the

A

biliary tree (including the gallbladder and bile ducts)

47
Q

Clonorchis sinensis can cause

A

sclerosing cholangitis (inflammation and destruction of bile ducts that can lead to hepatic failure)

48
Q

Clonorchis sinensis infection is a risk factor for

A

cholangiocarcinoma (malignancy of the biliary epithelium)

49
Q

Clonorchis sinensis infection can cause

A

pigmented gallstones

50
Q

eggs of Clonorchis sinensis are

A

operculated

51
Q

________ is effective against Clonorchis sinensis

A

praziquantel

52
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

a trematode

53
Q

Paragonimus westermani trematodes infect

A

the lungs, causing chronic cough and hemoptysis

54
Q

_______ are intermediate hosts of Paragonimus westermani

55
Q

Paragonimus westermani is transmitted via

A

consumption of raw or undercooked seafood

56
Q

eggs of Paragonimus westermani are

A

operculated

57
Q

_____ is effective against Paragonimus westermani

A

praziquantel

NBME Micro (36 decks)

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