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NBME Micro > Fungi: Cutaneous Mycoses > Flashcards

Fungi: Cutaneous Mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

List the cutaneous mycoses

A
  1. Malassezia furfur
  2. Epidermophyton
  3. Trichophyton
  4. Microsporum
  5. Sporothrix Schenckii
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2
Q

Dermatophytes

A
  1. Epidermophyton
  2. Trichophyton
  3. Microsporum
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3
Q

Malassezia furfur is a fungus that causes

A

cutaneous mycosis

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4
Q

Malassezia furfur causes

A

pityriasis (tinea) versicolor (a superficial skin infection characterized by hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and upper extremities)

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5
Q

Malassezia furfur is classically described as

A

having a “spaghetti and meatballs” appearance on KOH mount of skin scrapings

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6
Q

the conversion of Malassezia furfur yeast cells to the pathogenic mycelial form is associated with

A

heat and humidity

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7
Q

Malassezia furfur can cause

A

hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or erythematous macules on the trunk and upper extremities (pityriasis (tinea) versicolor)

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8
Q

Malassezia furfur is a

A

lipid-dependent fungus (the upper body may be the predominant location of infection due to greater sebum production in this location)

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9
Q

Malassezia furfur generally

A

Malassezia furfur generally stays confined to the most superficial layer of the epithelium (the stratum corneum)

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10
Q

Malassezia furfur fungemia is associated with

A

neonates receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through catheters

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11
Q

___________ is effective against Malassezia furfur

A

topical selenium sulfide (Selsun Blue)

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12
Q

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. dermatophytes that cause

A

cutaneous mycosis

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13
Q

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) cause

A
  1. tinea (fungal infection of the skin or scalp also known as ringworm) on various parts of the body
  2. cutaneous infections (not part of the normal skin flora)
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14
Q

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) cause

A
  1. tinea capitis
  2. tinea cruris
  3. tinea pedis
  4. tinea corporis
  5. onychomycosis
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15
Q

Tinea capitis

A

tinea of the head and scalp

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16
Q

Tinea cruris

A

tinea of the groin also known as jock itch

17
Q

Tinea pedis

A

tinea of the foot also known as athlete’s foot

18
Q

Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) can be acquired via

A

contact with infected animals

19
Q

lesions seen in dermatophyte infections (tinea caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.) are often

20
Q

Tinea corporis

A

tinea of the body

21
Q

the hyphae of Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) can be seen with

A

KOH mount of skin scrapings

22
Q

a Wood’s lamp can be used to

A

detect the presence of dermatophytes of the Microsporum genus

23
Q

________ ______ are the mainstay of treatment for cutaneous dermatophyte infection (tinea caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp.)

A

topical azoles

24
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nail

25
Q

_______ is effective in the treatment of onychomycosis caused by Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes)

A
  1. terbinafine

2. griseofulvin

26
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is a

A

dimorphic fungus that causes cutaneous mycosis

27
Q

Sporothrix schenckii fungi live in

A

soil and on plant matter

28
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is a

A

dimorphic fungus (grows as mold at 25-30°C and yeast at body temperature (35-37°C))

29
Q

sporotrichosis

A

is sometimes referred to as “rose gardener’s disease” because infection can result from being pricked by thorns (and other plant material) contaminated with Sporothrix schenckii fungi

30
Q

the yeast form of Sporothrix schenckii appears as

A

elongated cigar-shaped cells on microscopy

31
Q

sporotrichosis is generally caused by

A

traumatic inoculation of plant matter or soil contaminated with Sporothrix schenckii fungi, often resulting in the formation of subcutaneous nodules and ulcers

32
Q

in lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

Sporothrix schenckii ascends along the lymphatics from the site of inoculation, forming subcutaneous nodules and ulcers

33
Q

_____ ____ is recommended for cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

A

oral itraconazole

34
Q

a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) has historically been used to

A

treat cutaneous and lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (SSKI has been replaced by antifungals in many parts of the world)

NBME Micro (36 decks)

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