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NBME Micro > Parasites: Helminths - Nematodes > Flashcards

Parasites: Helminths - Nematodes Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

an intestinal nematode

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2
Q

female Enterobius vermicularis nematodes oviposit their eggs around the

A

anus

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3
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is transmitted via the

A

fecal-oral route

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4
Q

the Scotch tape test

A

the Scotch tape test (application of tape to the anal early in the morning) can confirm presence of Enterobius vermicularis (eggs will be visible upon microscopic examination of tape strip)

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5
Q

treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection includes

A

pyrantel pamoate

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6
Q

___________ is effective against the intestinal nematodes: Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichinella spiralis

A

albendazole

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7
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

A

hookworms (intestinal nematodes)

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8
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale

A

an intestinal nematode

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9
Q

Necator americanus

A

an intestinal nematode

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10
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus are

A

hookworms

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11
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus larvae enter the body by

A

penetrating exposed skin (mostly the feet)

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12
Q

after penetrating the skin, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus travel

A

after penetrating the skin, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus travel from the bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

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13
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections may result in

A

iron deficiency anemia, which is characterized by microcytic, hypochromic RBCs on blood smear

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14
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections are diagnosed by

A

the presence of eggs in the stool

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15
Q

_____ is seen in Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections

A

eosinophilia

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16
Q

treatment of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections includes

A

pyrantel pamoate

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17
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

an intestinal nematode

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18
Q

after ingestion of eggs, Ascaris lumbricoides travels

A

from the small intestine → bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

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19
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides is

A

the intestinal nematode most highly associated with respiratory symptoms

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20
Q

a major complication of Ascaris lumbricoides infection is

A

obstruction of the ileocecal valve

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21
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides infection is diagnosed by

A

the presence of eggs in the stool

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22
Q

______ is seen in Ascaris lumbricoides infection

A

eosinophilia

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23
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

an intestinal nematode

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24
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis larvae enter the body by

A

penetrating exposed skin (mostly the feet)

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25
Q

after penetrating the skin, Strongyloides stercoralis travels

A

after penetrating the skin, Strongyloides stercoralis travels from the bloodstream → lungs/trachea → pharynx (where the worms are swallowed) → GI tract

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26
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis autoinfection

A

larvae hatch from eggs laid in the intestinal wall, repenetrate the wall, and enter the bloodstream in Strongyloides stercoralis autoinfection

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27
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is diagnosed by

A

presence of larvae in the stool

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28
Q

eosinophilia

A

is seen in Strongyloides stercoralis infection

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29
Q

treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection includes

A

ivermectin

30
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

an intestinal nematode

31
Q

Trichinella spiralis is found in

A

undercooked meat (such as pork or bear)

32
Q

Trichinella spiralis infection can cause

A

periorbital edema

33
Q

Trichinella spiralis infection presents with

A

nausea and vomiting

34
Q

Trichinella spiralis can cause

A

fever

35
Q

Trichinella spiralis larvae are carried to

A

muscle via the bloodstream

36
Q

Trichinella spiralis larvae travel to striated muscle

A

where they form cysts

37
Q

Trichinella spiralis larvae form

A

cysts within striated muscle

38
Q

Trichinella spiralis infection can cause

A

muscle inflammation and myalgia

39
Q

_______ is seen in Trichinella spiralis infection

A

eosinophilia

40
Q

List the Intestinal Nematodes (Helminths)

A
  1. Enterobius Vernicularis
  2. Ancylostoma Duodenale
  3. Necator Americanus
  4. Ascaris Lumbricoides
  5. Stronglyoides Stercoralis
  6. Trichinella Spiralis
41
Q

List the Tissue Nematodes (Helminths)

A
  1. Dracunulus Medinensis
  2. Wuchereria Bancrofti
  3. Onchocerca Volvulus
  4. Toxocara Canis
  5. Loa Loa
42
Q

Dracunculus medinensis

A

a tissue nematode

43
Q

Dracunculus medinensis is transmitted via

A

water contaminated with copepods containing larvae

44
Q

copepods (small crustaceans) are intermediate hosts of

A

Dracunculus medinensis

45
Q

adult female Dracunculus medinensis nematodes emerge from

A

painful skin ulcers

46
Q

Dracunculus medinensis nematodes are removed by

A

slowly wrapping the worms around a stick

47
Q

_______ is seen in Dracunculus medinensis infection

A

eosinophilia

48
Q

Onchocerca volvulus

A

a tissue nematode

49
Q

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in the eye can cause

A

blindness

50
Q

________ is seen in Onchocerca volvulus infection

A

eosinophilia

51
Q

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae are seen on microscopy of

A

skin biopsy

52
Q

________ is effective against Onchocerca volvulus

A

ivermectin

53
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti

A

a tissue nematode

54
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti causes

A

lymphatic filariasis (known as elephantiasis, a chronic, severe lymphedema)

55
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti can cause

A

lymphangitis and painful lymphadenopathy

56
Q

lymphangitis and painful lymphadenopathy

A

tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, characterized by nocturnal cough, wheezing, and dyspnea

57
Q

________ are the vector of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

mosquitoes

58
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti nematodes are seen on

A

thick blood smear

59
Q

________ is seen in Wuchereria bancrofti infection

A

eosinophilia

60
Q

________ is effective against Wuchereria bancrofti

A

diethylcarbamazine

61
Q

Toxocara canis

A

a tissue nematode

62
Q

Toxocara canis is transmitted via

A

food contaminated with infected dog or cat feces

63
Q

ocular larva migrans

A

ocular larva migrans (an invasion of the eye by Toxocara canis) can lead to blindness

64
Q

_______ is seen in Toxocara canis infection

A

eosinophilia

65
Q

_______ is effective against Toxocara canis

A

albendazole

66
Q

Loa loa

A

a tissue nematode

67
Q

migrating Loa loa nematodes can

A

cause cyst-like collections in subcutaneous tissue (especially near the eye and tendons)

68
Q

adult Loa loa worms can

A

migrate across the conjunctiva

69
Q

Loa loa microfilariae can be

A

detected on blood smear

70
Q

______ _____ are the vector of Loa loa

A

deer flies

71
Q

_______ is seen in Loa loa infection

A

eosinophilia

72
Q

________ is effective against Loa loa

A
  1. diethylcarbamazine

2. albendazole

NBME Micro (36 decks)

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