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Spring 2023 Classes > Parasites and Anesthesia Quiz > Flashcards

Parasites and Anesthesia Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Scraping

A

-fur loss and itchiness/crustiness
-massage skin, isolate between fingers, scrape superficially (new, wide blade scalpel)
-examine under microscope with mineral oil
-avoid center of irritation

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2
Q

Flea Comb

A

-flea, flea dirt (flea poop….digested blood)
-remove fly eggs with mascara brush
-topical treatments: revolution, advantage, ovitrol, capstar, diatomaceous earth

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3
Q

Skin Biopsy

A

-suspected skin parasite
-local or general anesthetic
-close with sutures; treat as surgical area/procedure

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4
Q

Lice vs. Mites

A

mites are much smaller

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5
Q

Tick Removal

A

-remove with forceps
-send off in vial with alcohol-soaked gauze and paperwork

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6
Q

Maggot (fly larvae)

A

-consume living tissue, usually found in large wounds
-physical removal, evaluate tissue, +/- capstar topically or PO

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7
Q

Swab Examination

A

-swab area with cotton-tipped applicator
-wet mount, roll on glass slide, stain, examine, or transport media in tube

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8
Q

Crop Swab

A

-cotton swab soaked in warm water/saline, swab crop or mouth, squeeze drop on slide and examine

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9
Q

Washes

A

-pass feeding/gavage tube, infuse warm fluid into crop, aspirate, wet mount (trichomonads) or stain
-extend neck gently when performing wash

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10
Q

Direct Fecal Examination

A

tiny amount of feces + drop of saline, mix together on slide, can be examined immediately or stained

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11
Q

Passive Fecal Float

A

-mix feces with zinc sulfate, sodium nitrate, or sheather’s sugar
-most eggs float within 10-15 minutes…trapped by cover slip

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12
Q

Fecal Centrifugation

A

-increases number of eggs that float, more sensitive, but time-consuming

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13
Q

NPS

A

no parasites seen

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14
Q

Lice

A

-biting/chewing lice (mammals) or sucking lice (birds)
-itching fur/feather loss, skin inflammation
-treat with scalex or ovitrol…spray gauze and wipe
-ivermectin PO or SQ (overdose toxicity danger)

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15
Q

Mites

A

-associated with mange…itching, fur loss, crusting
-confirmed by skin scrape or biopsy
-secondary infection common
-treatment ivermectin, selamectin, tresaderm (ears)

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16
Q

Mange

A

poor hair coat accompanying infestation

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17
Q

Mites (Demodex)

A

-normal inhabitant of hair follicles in mammals
-disease if poor nutrition, weak immune systems, concurrent disease
-accompanied by fur loss, flaky skin, scabs

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18
Q

Mites (Knemidocoptes)

A

-scaly leg or face mite
-featherless areas (face, legs, feet)
-burrows into skin

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19
Q

Mites (Cheyletialla)

A

-“walking dandruff”
-common in rabbits

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20
Q

“Bird Mites”

A

-common in nests/nestlings
-short-lived w/o birds (days)

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21
Q

Fipronil

A

-topical control product used for ticks
-toxic to rabbits

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22
Q

Flies

A

-usually species specific
-blood loss, especially in weak (can carry mites and lice)
-topical sprays or physical removal

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23
Q

Capstar

A

-1 tablet (11.4mg) crushed, add to 10 ml water
-PO at 1 ml/kg

24
Q

Bot Flies

A

-lay eggs near dens, animals pick up, larvae hatch, migrate to SQ area, grow w/ breathing hole, fall out

25
Q

Anesthesia

A

state of unconsciousness that is predictable and reversible (immobilization, amnesia, analgesia)

26
Q

Analgesia

A

the inability to feel pain

27
Q

Use injectable anesthesia when

A

fractious/dangerous patient, pre-gas, respiratory compromise, emergency

28
Q

Inhalant anesthesia

A

-product is vaporized from liquid to gas
-types: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane

29
Q

Anesthesia Machines

A

deliver oxygen and gas anesthetic; remove carbon dioxide

30
Q

ET tubes

A

endotracheal tubes…cuffed and non-cuffed cole

31
Q

Stage 1 (induction)

A

excitements, struggling may occur; increased RR and HR

32
Q

Stage 2

A

loss of consciousness begins; breath holding

33
Q

Stage 3 (general anesthesia)

A

-plane 1 (reflexes +)
-plane 2 (most surgeries, muscles relaxed, reflexes -)
-plane 3 (intercostal muscles relaxed, ability to maintain respiration is endangered)
-plane 4 (all muscles, including diaphragm and intercostal muscles paralyzed)

34
Q

Stage 4 (irreversible anesthesia)

A

respiratory arrest, followed by circulatory collapse…death within 1-5 minutes

35
Q

Risks During Anesthesia

A

respiratory depression, slowing of GI tract, cold, decreased blood pressure, aspiration, death

36
Q

Anesthetic Canister

A

0-5% lowest percent to keep patient in right plane

37
Q

Oxygen Flow Meter

A

L/min

38
Q

Need During Surgery

A

ET tubes, anesthesia log, doppler, stethescope

39
Q

Monitor Anesthesia

A

depth, duration, HR and RR, O2 and anesthesia levels

40
Q

Monitoring Patient Status

A

temp, hydration status, mucus membrane, eyes (lube)

41
Q

How to Use Doppler

A

parallel to blood vessel

42
Q

Dyspnea

A

difficulty or labored breathing

43
Q

Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

44
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid breathing

45
Q

Bradycardia

A

slow HR

46
Q

Tachycardia

A

fast HR

47
Q

Auscultation

A

listening to sounds from heart, lungs, or other organs with a stethoscope

48
Q

Cyanosis

A

bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood

49
Q

CRT

A

capillary refill time

50
Q

Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

51
Q

Hypothermia

A

low body temp.

52
Q

Respiratory Arrest

A

ability to breathe stops

53
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

heart stops

54
Q

Intubation

A

-have access to airway
-confirm placement w/ chest rise or condensation
-secure

55
Q

Listen to heart at least every

A

5 mins

56
Q

Recovery

A

-decrease anesthesia; keep O2 on
-pain meds/drug reversal
-extubate when reflexes return

Spring 2023 Classes (13 decks)

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