Genetics Info from PPT

Question 1

Inbreeding (Negative Effects)

Answer 1

-reduction in survival
-lower reproduction rate (less likelihood of reaching sexual maturity)
-deleterious allele negatively affecting allele (becomes more common over time)

Question 2

Inbreeding (Positive Effects)

Answer 2

-prepotency (potent positive trait can be successfully transmitted to next generations)
commercially viable stocks used in artificial breeding

Question 3

DNA Process

Answer 3

Dna - Rna - Protein

Question 4

Silent Mutation

Answer 4

no functional change in proteins

Question 5

Good Mutation

Answer 5

positively selected for

Question 6

Bad Mutation

Answer 6

effect on survivability…negatively selected for

Question 7

Chloroplasts

Answer 7

have chlorophyll making genes (express green)

Question 8

Gametophyte

Answer 8

gamete (sperm and egg) producing body part
-can be bisexual (will have both sperm and egg producing structures), male or female

Question 9

Antheridiogen

Answer 9

protein that can make antheridia (sperm producing structures)

Question 10

Turtle Environmental Sex-Determination

Answer 10

lower temps. produce mostly males while higher temps. produce mostly females

Question 11

Maternal DNA

Answer 11

extranuclear DNA is passed to the next generation only by female parent

Question 12

DNA chromosomes is shaped

Answer 12

acrocentric

Question 13

SRY Gene

Answer 13

determine maleness (Y-linked) and androgen sensitivity (sperm development)

Question 14

Hemophilia and Color Blindness

Answer 14

X-linked trait

Question 15

Turner Syndrome

Answer 15

XO affects females…have a single X chromosome in their cells

Question 16

Polyploid

Answer 16

anything that has more than two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 17

DNA + Histone (yellow beads)

Answer 17

chromatin

Question 18

Karyon

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

Karyotype

Answer 19

typing on the basis of nuclear chromosomes

Question 20

Meiosis I and Prophase I

Answer 20

where crossing over occurs

Question 21

Promoters

Answer 21

regulatory sequences

Question 22

“PERI”

Answer 22

around

Question 23

“PARA”

Answer 23

next to

Question 24

Gulop

Answer 24

-on 8th chromosome…gave primate ancestors ability to create vitamin C…died becoming a pseudogene
-mutation inactivated it

Question 25

How do taste buds work?

Answer 25

-taste receptors can die (pseudogenes)
-Ex. mammals sweet taste receptors died (pseudogenes)

Question 26

How does vitamin C assimilation occur?

Answer 26

-vitamin C wasn’t necessary to produce b/c fruit supplied primates with this

Question 27

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 27

XXY

Question 28

Nondisjucntion

Answer 28

failure to separate chromosomes during meiosis I