Parasites

Question 1

What is ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 1

Roundworm, most common helminth infection

Question 2

What are the clinical manifestations of ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 2

Most patients are asymptomatic

Mild-moderate abdominal discomfort, symptoms of obstruction

Question 3

What is Loeffler’s syndrome?

Answer 3

Eosinophilic pneumonitis

Occurs with ascaris, strongyloies, hookworm

Question 4

How is ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed?

Answer 4

Ova and Parasite exam x 3

Passage of worm

Charcot-Leyden crystals in sputum

Question 5

What is the treatment for ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 5

Mebendazole, Albendazole

ERCP

Question 6

What are Necator americaus and Ancylostoma duodenale?

Answer 6

Hookworms

Significant cause of anemia, secrete anticoagulants

Question 7

What are the symptoms of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale?

Answer 7

Loeffler’s syndrome

Mild abdominal pain

Symptoms of anemia

Localized urticarial papulovesicular rash at entry site

Question 8

What do ancylostoma braziliense and ancylostoma caninum cause?

Answer 8

Ground itch or creeping eruption

Question 9

How is hookworm diagnosed?

Answer 9

Hookworm eggs on microscopic exams

Must be examined within 1-2 hours

Question 10

What is the treatment for hookworm?

Answer 10

Mebendazole, Albendazole

Ivermectin

Question 11

What is Strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 11

Threadworm

Causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed

Question 12

What are the clinical manifestations of threadworm?

Answer 12

GI - stomach pain with diarrhea, indigestion, cramping

Loefller’s syndrome

Urticarial rash clled larva crrens that moves

Question 13

What are the symptoms of hyperinfection of strongyloides stercoralis?

Answer 13

Worms migrate and invade organs

Life-threatening gram negative sepsis

Extreme eosinophila

Question 14

How is Strongyloides tercoralis diagnosed?

Answer 14

Dramatic eosinophila

Larvae in stool

Agar culture

Question 15

What is the treatment of threadworm?

Answer 15

Ivermectin

Albendazole

Question 16

What organisms cause toxocariasis?

Answer 16

Visceral larva migrans

Ocular larva migrans

Question 17

What are the clinical manifestations of toxocariasis?

Answer 17

Asthma-like attackes

N/V, abdominal discomfort

Hepatitis

Urticarial rashes

Visual loss

Question 18

What is Baylisascaris procyonis?

Answer 18

Roundworm found in raccoons that can cause ocular, visceral, or neural larva migrans

Question 19

How is toxocariasis diagnosed?

Answer 19

Exceptionally high eosinophil count

ELISA very specific

Question 20

How is toxocariasis treated?

Answer 20

Albendazole, Mebendazole

Question 21

What is enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 21

Pinworm

20% prevalence in general childhood population

Question 22

How is pinworm diagnosed?

Answer 22

Direct visualization

Scotch-tape test

Question 23

What is the treatment for enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 23

Mebendazole, Albendazole

Pyrantel pamoate in pregnancy

Must treat whole family

Question 24

What is Trichuris trichirua?

Answer 24

Whipworm

Question 25

What are the clinical manifestations of trichuris tricirua?

Answer 25

Light infections - asymptomatic Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distention, chronic diarrhea Rectal Prolapse in heavy infections

Question 26

How is Trichuris trichiura diagnosed?

Answer 26

Characteristic barrel-shaped eggs Proctoscopy No eosinophilia

Question 27

What is the treatment for whipworm?

Answer 27

Ivermectin Albendazole, mebendazole

Question 28

What is Capillariasis?

Answer 28

Genus of nematodes that can produce disease in humans Can cause severe diarrhea, massive protein loss, and death from heart failure

Question 29

What are the clinical manifestations of trichinellosis?

Answer 29

Intestinal stage - fevvers, N/V, cramping, diarrhea Muscle invasion stage - muscle pain and tenderness, Facial edema, splinter hemorrhages in nailbeds

Question 30

What are the more uncommon symptoms of trichinellosis?

Answer 30

CHF from myocarditis Meningitis, encephalitis Chronic muscle pains and malaise

Question 31

What is angiostrongyliasis?

Answer 31

Most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis

Question 32

What are the symptoms of A. cantonensis infection?

Answer 32

Eosinophilic meningitis Distinctive paresthesias

Question 33

What are the symptoms of A. costaricensis infection?

Answer 33

Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain with possible RLQ mass High eosinophil count