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PoD Test 3 > Parasites > Flashcards

Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What is ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Roundworm, most common helminth infection

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2
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Most patients are asymptomatic

Mild-moderate abdominal discomfort, symptoms of obstruction

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3
Q

What is Loeffler’s syndrome?

A

Eosinophilic pneumonitis

Occurs with ascaris, strongyloies, hookworm

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4
Q

How is ascaris lumbricoides diagnosed?

A

Ova and Parasite exam x 3

Passage of worm

Charcot-Leyden crystals in sputum

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5
Q

What is the treatment for ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole

ERCP

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6
Q

What are Necator americaus and Ancylostoma duodenale?

A

Hookworms

Significant cause of anemia, secrete anticoagulants

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale?

A

Loeffler’s syndrome

Mild abdominal pain

Symptoms of anemia

Localized urticarial papulovesicular rash at entry site

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8
Q

What do ancylostoma braziliense and ancylostoma caninum cause?

A

Ground itch or creeping eruption

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9
Q

How is hookworm diagnosed?

A

Hookworm eggs on microscopic exams

Must be examined within 1-2 hours

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10
Q

What is the treatment for hookworm?

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole

Ivermectin

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11
Q

What is Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Threadworm

Causes hyperinfection in immunosuppressed

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of threadworm?

A

GI - stomach pain with diarrhea, indigestion, cramping

Loefller’s syndrome

Urticarial rash clled larva crrens that moves

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperinfection of strongyloides stercoralis?

A

Worms migrate and invade organs

Life-threatening gram negative sepsis

Extreme eosinophila

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14
Q

How is Strongyloides tercoralis diagnosed?

A

Dramatic eosinophila

Larvae in stool

Agar culture

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15
Q

What is the treatment of threadworm?

A

Ivermectin

Albendazole

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16
Q

What organisms cause toxocariasis?

A

Visceral larva migrans

Ocular larva migrans

17
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of toxocariasis?

A

Asthma-like attackes

N/V, abdominal discomfort

Hepatitis

Urticarial rashes

Visual loss

18
Q

What is Baylisascaris procyonis?

A

Roundworm found in raccoons that can cause ocular, visceral, or neural larva migrans

19
Q

How is toxocariasis diagnosed?

A

Exceptionally high eosinophil count

ELISA very specific

20
Q

How is toxocariasis treated?

A

Albendazole, Mebendazole

21
Q

What is enterobius vermicularis?

A

Pinworm

20% prevalence in general childhood population

22
Q

How is pinworm diagnosed?

A

Direct visualization

Scotch-tape test

23
Q

What is the treatment for enterobius vermicularis?

A

Mebendazole, Albendazole

Pyrantel pamoate in pregnancy

Must treat whole family

24
Q

What is Trichuris trichirua?

A

Whipworm

25
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of trichuris tricirua?

A

Light infections - asymptomatic

Lower abdominal pain, abdominal distention, chronic diarrhea

Rectal Prolapse in heavy infections

26
Q

How is Trichuris trichiura diagnosed?

A

Characteristic barrel-shaped eggs

Proctoscopy

No eosinophilia

27
Q

What is the treatment for whipworm?

A

Ivermectin

Albendazole, mebendazole

28
Q

What is Capillariasis?

A

Genus of nematodes that can produce disease in humans

Can cause severe diarrhea, massive protein loss, and death from heart failure

29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of trichinellosis?

A

Intestinal stage - fevvers, N/V, cramping, diarrhea

Muscle invasion stage - muscle pain and tenderness, Facial edema, splinter hemorrhages in nailbeds

30
Q

What are the more uncommon symptoms of trichinellosis?

A

CHF from myocarditis

Meningitis, encephalitis

Chronic muscle pains and malaise

31
Q

What is angiostrongyliasis?

A

Most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis

32
Q

What are the symptoms of A. cantonensis infection?

A

Eosinophilic meningitis

Distinctive paresthesias

33
Q

What are the symptoms of A. costaricensis infection?

A

Fever, vomiting, abdominal pain with possible RLQ mass

High eosinophil count

PoD Test 3 (25 decks)

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