Cancer Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis Flashcards
What is the highest incidence cancer in male?
Prostate cancer
What is the most deadly cancer in men and women?
Lung and bronchus
What cancer is becoming more prevalent in both genders?
Liver
Why are cancers more prevalent in older people?
Progressive accumulation of nonlethal mutations
What are some non-hereditary predispositions to cancer?
Chronic inflammation
Immunodeficiency
Age
Geography and environment
Obesity - creates more inflammation
Radiation
What damage is associated with ionizing radiation?
Direclty fracturing double helix
What is the difference between direct and indirect carcinogens?
Direct dont need chemical conversion, weak
Indirect - require metabolic conversion, often electrophilic or free radicals
What is the importance of CYP450 isoforms in cancer?
Can affect how carcinogens are metabolized
What mechanisms are responsible for infection induced malignancy?
Immunosuppression
Chronic inflammation
Cell proliferation induced by infection
What is aflatoxin B1?
Mutates DNA, specificallin in the p53 gene
From aspergillus
What two factors contribute to a seemingly improved treatment outcome with increased incidence?
Lead time bias
Length bias
What two screening tests have been proven to reduce cancer incidence?
Mammography
Fetal Occult Blood Test
What is the Philadelphia chromosome?
t (9;22)
CML
What two tumor markers indicate neuroblastoma?
Vanilla-mandilic acid(VMA)
Homovanillic acid (HVA)
