Parasites

Question 1

Single-celled protozoa and multicellular helminths transmission

Answer 1

Fecal-oral route, insect vectors

Helminths: Some able to penetrate directly through the skin

Question 2

Protozoa general principles - where do they multiply, are they associated with eosinophilia

Answer 2

Multiply in their definitive hosts, not associated with eosinophilia

Question 3

Helminths general principles - where do they multiply, are they associated with eosinophilia

Answer 3

Typically do not multiply in their definitive hosts, associated with eosinophilia

Question 4

Autochthonous

Answer 4

Indigenous

Question 5

Entamoeba histolytica 2 forms

Answer 5

Trophozoite (single nucleus, proliferative, invasive form) and cyst (4 nuclei, dormant, infective form)

Question 6

What does entamoeba histolytica cause

Answer 6

Acute rectocolitis, liver abscess

Question 7

Amoebiasis Treatment

Answer 7

Metronidazole against cysts

Luminal agent eliminate intraluminal cysts

Question 8

Naegleria fowleri - what does it cause

Answer 8

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Question 9

Cryptosporidium two modes of replication

Answer 9

Sporogeny and schizigony

Question 10

Cryptosporidium disease

Answer 10

Watery diarrhea

Question 11

Giardia reservoirs

Answer 11

Humans and beavers

Question 12

Giardia clinical manifestations

Answer 12

Bloating, gas, chronic diarrhea

Question 13

Giardiasis treatment

Answer 13

Azole

Question 14

Malaria treatment

Answer 14

Artemisinin combination therapy - prevent emergence of resistance

Question 15

Malaria parasite development sequence

Answer 15

Sporozoite (injected) -> Merozoite (infect RBCs) -> Trophozoite -> Schizont (asexual reproduction) -> Merozoite

No sporozoite in middle of cycle

Question 16

Malaria diagnosis - recurrent fever spikes

Answer 16

P. vivax and P. ovale - every 2 days
P. malariae - every 3 days
P. falciparum - erratic
P. knowlesi - every 24 hours