Parasite Flashcards

1
Q

Define “parasite”?

A

Animals or plants who live on or in others from which they obtain nutrition

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2
Q

What are the 3 main types of parasite?

A

Helminths
Protozoa
Arthropods

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3
Q

What is a protozoa?

A

A microscopic unicellular organism

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4
Q

Can protozoa live independtly?

A

Protozoa can live free of a host

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5
Q

How do protozoa travel between human hosts?

A

Those in the human intestine travel there by the faecal-oral route.
Those in the blood/tissue travel there by an arthropod vector.

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6
Q

Can protozoa multiply in humans?

A

Yes, protozoa multiply in humans

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7
Q

What protozoa causes malaria?

A

4 plasmodium species

P. Falciparum is the most deadly

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8
Q

What is the vector for the plasmodium species that cause malaria?

A

Anopheles Mosquito Vector

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9
Q

In what form are plasmodium species injected under the skin by mosquitos?

A

As sporozoites

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10
Q

How do sporozoites mature?

A

They travel through blood to liver where they mature into merozoites

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11
Q

What do merozoites do in the body to cause malaria?

A

Invade & destroy RBCs, using them to multiply

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12
Q

What causes Amoebic Dysentery?

A

The protozoa: Entamoeba Histolytica

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13
Q

What are the effects of AMoebic Dysentery?

A
  • Protozoal Cysts in stool
  • Late disease Liver abscesses
  • Diarrhoea with blood/pus
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14
Q

What does Entamoeba Histolytica do to RBCs?

A

Ingests them by Pseudopodia

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15
Q

What causes Leishmaniasis?

A

Leishmania Species

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16
Q

What are the sub-types of Leishmaniasis?

A

Cutaneous & muco-cutaneous

17
Q

What do the sub-types of leishmaniasis cause?

A

Skin & mucosal Ulcerations

18
Q

What does Visceral Leishmaniasis cause?

A
  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Hepato-Splenomegaly
19
Q

How are Leishmania transmitted?

A

By Sandfly Bites.

20
Q

What are 3 types of Helminths?

[Hint: Sellotape & tremors]

A

Nematodes (Roundworms)
Trematodes (Flatworms)
Cestodes (cellotape)

21
Q

How do Nematodes reach the Small intestine?

A
  • Eggs ingested & enter Blood
  • Egs hatch & enter lungs
  • Lungs -> stomach -> Small intestine
22
Q

What can Nematodes cause?

A
  • A mass of worms can block bile duct

- Loefllers Syndrome (accumulation of eosinophils in lungs)

23
Q

How are nematodes diagnosed?

A

Ova are seen in the Stool sample microscopy

24
Q

How are Trematodes diagnosed?

A

Ova can be seen in the faeces & urine

25
Q

How do trematodes hatch?

A

In fresh water as miracidia

26
Q

Where do trematodes mature?

A

In the bodies of snails (intermediate hosts)

27
Q

What is an adult trematode called?

A

Cecaria

28
Q

How trematodes reach the liveR?

A

Penetrate human skin.

Then migrate from Lungs -> Liver.

29
Q

At what point to nematodes mature into adult roundworms?

A

In the stomach before entering the small intestine