Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) Flashcards
Define an adverse drug reaction?
Any noxious or unintended response to a drug occuring at doses used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment.
What are the 3 criteria of an adverse drug reactions? (definition)
The response must be:
Noxious
Unintended
The dose must be one used for prophylaxis, diagnosis or treatment (i.e. not a known unsafe dose)
How many inpatients suffer ADRs?
Around 10-20% (1/10th to 1/5th) of inpatients suffer an ADR
How many hospital deaths are due to ADRs?
0.2-3% of hospital deaths are due to ADRs
roughly 5-10k deaths/yr
How many hospital admissions are ADR related?
6.5% of hospital admissions are related to ADRs
What are the 3 time periods of ADRs?
Acute
Sub-Acute
Latent
How quickly does an acute ADR occur?
Within an hour of administration
How quickly does a sub-acute ADR occur?
1-24 hours after administration.
Basicall within a day
How long does a latent ADR take to manifest?
Greater than 2 days before the ADR occurs makes it a latent ADR
What are the 3 levels of ADR?
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Define a mild ADR?
ITs bothersome to the patient but they dont need to change treatmetn
Define a moderate ADR?
Pateint either needs hospitalization, changed treatment or additional treatment to solve it.
How bad is a severe ADR?
Disabling or life-threatening
How are ADRs categorised?
Into Types A-F
What do the types of ADR stand for?
Augmented Bizarre Chronic Delayed End of Treatment Failure of Treatment
Why are Type A ADRs called augmented?
They are a normal repsonse to a the drug but augmented (exaggeratd)
Example of Type A ADRs?
Beta blockers causing bradycardia
Insulin causing hypoglycaemia
Are type A ADRs predictable?
Type A adrs are predictable & related to dosage
What cause a type A ADR?
Excess pharmacological action.
What causes excess pharmacological action in a TYpe A ADR?
Too high a dose
Pharmaceutical Variation
Pharmacokinetic Variation
Pharmacodynamic Variation