Gram Negative Bacteria Flashcards
What are the 2 main types of aerobic gram negative cocci?
Neisseria spp
Moraxella Catarrhalis
What are the two main sub-types of Neisseria spp?
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
What does neisseria meningitidis cause?
Meningitis (can be life threatening)
What kind of samples can neisseria meningitidis be grown from?
Blood cultures & CSF samples
What does neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?
Causes urethritis in men.
Causes pelvic-inflammatory disease in women.
How is neisseria Gonorrhoeae spread?
By sexual contact
What does moraxella catarrhalis cause?
Respiratory tract infections
With whom are moraxella catarrhalis infections most prevalent?
Those with underlying lung pathology.
What are the 3 main types of large aerobic gram negative bacilli? (Coliforms)
- Escherichia Coli 0157
- Salmonella spp
- Shigella
How many E. Coli types are there?
Over 160 serotypes based on the O antigen
How do strains of E. Coli vary?
In disease potential
What do E.coli strains commonly cause?
UTI’s & Neonatal Sepsis.
Name 2 important strains of E. Coli?
Enterotoxogenic E. Coli
Enterohaemorrhagic E. Coli
What is enterotoxogenic Escherichia coli?
The commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea
What does enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli. cause?
Bloody Diarrhoea
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome.
How does Escherichia Coli affect Lactose?
Causes fermentation of lactose
How does Salmonella spp affect lactose?
It doesnt, unlike Escherichia Coli which ferments it
What are the 2 main salmonella spp subtypes?
Salmonella Enterica
Salmonella Typhi
What does salmonella enterica cause?
- Self-limiting enterocolitis (inflammation of both colon & intestine).
- Possible bloody diarrhoea
- Bacterial diarrhoea
What does salmonella Typhi cause?
Typhoid Fever
fever with constipation
How is salmonella Typhi infection diagnosed?
The organism is isolated from blood.
Does shigella ferment lactose?
No you fool! Only Escherichia Coli does that! Go back to school!
What does shigella cause?
Dysentery & diarrhoea.
Define coliform?
Organisms in the family of enterobacteriaceae.
e.g. E. Coli, Salmonella & shigella
Are microaerophiic gram -ve bacteria cocci or bacilli?
Microaerophilic bacteria are bacilli
What are the 2 subtypes of microaerophilic bacilli?
Curved Bacilli
Spiral Bacilli
Example of a small curved microaerophilic bacilli:
Campylobacter species
Example of spiral microaerophilic bacilli:
Heliobacter Sp.
Example of gram -ve anaerobic bacilli:
Bacteroides Species.
Other than coliforms whats the other subtype of aerobic gram -ve bacilli?
Small
Examples of small aerobic bacilli:
Bordetella Pertussis
Haemophilus Influenzae
What causes whoopin cough?
Bordetella Pertussis
Gram -ve -> Aerobic -> Bacilli -> small
What casues exacerbated COPD?
Haemophilus Influenzae
Gram -ve -> aerobic -> bacilli -> small
Examples of gram -ve aerobic cocci?
Neisseria Gonorrhoae
Neisseria Meningitidis
Classify Camplylobacter species:
- > Gram -ve
- > Microaerophilic
- > Bacilli
- > Small curved bacilli
- > Campylobacter sp.
Classify Bacteroides sp:
- > Gram ive
- > Anaerobic
- > Bacilli
- > Bacteroides Sp.
Classify whooping cough:
Gram -ve
- > Aerobic
- > Bacilli
- > Small (non-coliform)
- > Bordetella pertussis
- > Whooping cough
Classify Shigella:
Gram -ve
- > Aerobic
- > Bacilli
- > Large (coliforms)
- > Gut pathogens
- > Shigella
Classify Neisseria Meningitidis
- > Gram -ve
- > Aerobic
- > Cocci
- > Neisseria Meningitidis
Classify Heliobacter sp.:
- > Gram -ve
- > Microaerophilic
- > Spiral Bacilli
- > Heliobacter species.
What is different about non-coliform gram -ve aerobic bacilli?
Theyre small whereas coliforms are large
Name 2 types of small gram -ve aerobic bacilli:
- Bordetella Pertussis
- Haemophilus Influenzae
What does bordetella pertussis cause?
Whooping Cough
