Acute inflammation 2 Flashcards
What is the suffix for inflammaiton?
- itis
e. g. meningitis (inflammation of meninges)
e. g. Appendicitis (inflammation of appendix)
Whats inflammation of lungs called?
Pneumonia
Whats inflammation of the pluera called?
Pleurisy
What is the function of a neutrophil?
They are mobile phagocytes
How do neutrophils move towards foreign antigens?
By chemotaxis
What do neutrophils use to digest ingested foreign particles?
Granules which contain oxidants & digestive enzymes (e.g. proteases)
What happens to neutrophils after they digest a foreign organism?
They die prodcuing pus made of fluid, cell parts & endogenous proteins.
What two plasma proteins are mainly involved in acute inflammation?
Fibrinogen
Immunoglobulins
What does Fibrinogen do?
Forms fibrin which clots around the area of inflammation, basically localising by blocking off the inflammatory process.
What do immunoglobulins do in acute inflammation?
Antibodies opsonize pathogens so phagocytes can more easily reconise/destroy them.
They also activate the complement system leading to lysis of pathogenic cells.
What are 3 locations/types of acute inflammatory mediators?
- Molecuels on endothelial cell surface
- Molecules in blood plasma
- Molecules released from cells in infalmmatory tissue.
What 5 things do inflammatory mediators cause?
Vasodilation Altered Vascular permeability Chemotaxis Neutrophil adhesion Itch/Pain
What tye of inflammatory mediators cause neutrophil adhesion?
Cell surface mediators - Adhesion molecules
e.g. ICAM-1 helps in pavementing
What inflammatory mediator is released from Mast Cells?
Histamine
Why triggers histamine release?
IgE mediated reactions
What/how does histamine cause?
Vasodilation & increased vascular permability
Acts on H1 receptors on endothelial cells
Where is the inflammatory mediator 5-hydroxytryptamine made?
PLatelets
What is 5-hydroxytryptamine called?
Serotonin
What does serotonin cause & why?
Vasoconstriction to prevent leakage from a damaged vessel.
When is serotonin released? (5-hydroxytryptamine)
When platelets coagulate to reapir a damaged vessel (i.e. degranulate)
What are cytokines & chemokines?
Inflammatory Mediators
Small molecuels produced by endothelium ,macrophages & lymphocytes in response to inflammtory stimuli