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Parasitology & Mycology > Parasite 4 > Flashcards

Parasite 4 Flashcards

1
Q

segments of tapeworms/Cestodes; what is head called?

A

proglottids; scolex

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2
Q

broad fish tapeworm…10-30 feet long…get into humans via fish consumption (start with barnacles/copepod and moves its way up)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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3
Q

how long do Diphyllobothrium latum live? how long can they get?

A

30 years, 10-30 feet

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4
Q

form of Diphyllobothrium latum in copepod (first stage)

A

procercoid stage

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5
Q

form of Diphyllobothrium latum encysted in muscle of minnow (second stage)

A

Pleurocercoid

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6
Q

infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum…in poorly cooked freshwater fish (paratenic…travels up food chain)

A

pleurocercoid

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7
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum in water…what copepods ingest

A

coracidium

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8
Q

what does Diphyllobothrium latum cause?

A

pernicious anemia, some N/V, abdominal discomfort

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9
Q

how many Diphyllobothrium latum need for mild clinical manifestations?

A

1

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10
Q

what is major player in areas that are affected by Diphyllobothrium latum? how many are affected worldwide?

A

defecation in water; 9 million

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11
Q

diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

eggs or proglottids in stool

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12
Q

drug of choice for Diphyllobothrium latum; what supplement should be given also?

A

praziquantel; B12

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13
Q

beef tapeworm…10-20 feet long

A

Taenia saginata

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14
Q

what form of Taenia saginata is passed in feces?

A

proglottids

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15
Q

this has enough muscular strength slip out of anus unassisted…other than that won’t be able to detect parasite

A

Taenia saginata

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16
Q

form of Taenia saginata that invades intestinal wall of cow (get eggs by grazing on contaminated soil)

A

oncosphere

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17
Q

muscles of cows most affected by cysticercus in Taenia saginata

A

tongue, diaphragm, hind leg

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18
Q

form of Taenia saginata in muscles of cows…*infective form for humans*

A

cysticercus

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19
Q

Taenia saginata causes this…once have one worm,immune system makes Ab to other parasites that enter (prevents superinfection)

A

concomitant immunity

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20
Q

diagnosis for Taenia saginata

A

gravid proglottids in feces

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21
Q

traetment for Taenia saginata

A

Praziquantel

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22
Q

pork tapeworm…*humans can act as intermediate host*

A

Taenia solium

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23
Q

what can used human as intermediate host (eggs can develop in humans)

A

T. solium cysticerci

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24
Q

Taenia solium eggs in man

A

cysticercosis

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25
Q

modes of cysticercosis infection for Taenia solium

A

food/drink human feces, reverse parastalsis

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26
Q

where can Taenia solium cysticerci be found after mysenteric veins?

A

subcutaneous CT, brain, eye, muscle, lungs

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27
Q

steps of reverse peristalsis in Taenia solium

A

egg, oncosphere, penetrate intestinal wall, mesenteric veins, cysticerci in tissue

28
Q

two major places affected by Taenia solium cysticercosis (how bad depends on number and location)

A

retina/eye (blindness) and brain

29
Q

could explain sudden onset epilepsy

A

Taenia solium cysticerci

30
Q

where is Taenia solium most prevalent? what is infection rate?

A

Mexico, Central/S America, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia; 2-3%

31
Q

diagnosis of Taenia solium; what is diagnosis for cysticercosis?

A

gravid proglottids in feces; soft-tissue Xray/CT

32
Q

treatment for intestinal worms in Taenia solium; what other medication can be given?

A

Praziquantel (plus steroids); albendazole (also need cysticercosis surgery)

33
Q

cestodes

A

Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia saginata, Taenia solium

34
Q

trematodes

A

Schistosoma mansoni, haematobium, japonicum

35
Q

trematode with lateral spine (most likely to show up); what snail is associated with this?

A

Schistosoma mansoni; Biomphalaria

36
Q

trematode with spike at the end (mate well)…also affects bladder; what snail is associated?

A

Schistosoma haematobium; Bulinus snails

37
Q

trematode with nondiscript oval shape; what snail is associated?

A

Schistosoma japonicum; Oncomelania snails

38
Q

trematodes that affect mesenteric veins

A

Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum

39
Q

where is Schistosoma mansoni prevalent?

A

AFrica, S.A, Carribean

40
Q

where is Schistosoma haematobium prevalent?

A

Africa/Near East

41
Q

where is Schistosoma japonicum prevalent?

A

China, Philippines

42
Q

these Schistosomas eggs are excreted in feces; this is excreted in urine

A

mansoni and japonicum; haematobium

43
Q

form of Schistosoma that hatches in water (ciliated…finds snail within 24 hours)…then undergoes asexual multiplication

A

miracidia

44
Q

infective form of Schistosoma (heart to lungs to heart to veins)

A

cercariae

45
Q

acute phase of Schistosoma infection (when adult egg laying occurs); when does this occur after infection?

A

fever, discomfort, pain; 1-2 months

46
Q

what does chronic phase of Schistosoma infection (eggs) cause in intestine? what does it cause in liver and spleen? what does S haeincitobuun cause?

A

fibrosis, hepato/splenomegaly ; ulceration of bladder

47
Q

treatment for Schistosoma (although some have become resistant)

A

praziquantel

48
Q

diagnosis for Schistosoma

A

eggs in feces or urine (and blood in urine)

49
Q

major control for Schistosoma

A

sanitation and hygiene

50
Q

cause by bird shistosome entering skin of human (but unsuitable host)…leads to inflammation and rash

A

Swimmer’s itch

51
Q

treatment for Swimmer’s itch

A

antihistamine lotion

52
Q

aka itch mite…mates on skin and female then burrows (for 2 months)…causes intense itch and rash due to tunneling and excretory products

A

Sarcoptes scabei

53
Q

what is symptom of Sarcoptes scabei infection?

A

intense itch and rash

54
Q

common places for rash from Sarcoptes scabei to be found

A

between fingers, breasts, penis (children between fingers, wrist, elbow pit)

55
Q

what is treatment for Sarcoptes scabei?

A

5% permethrin

56
Q

these hide during day and follow CO2 gradient at night to find food (aka you)

A

Cimex

57
Q

symptom of Cimex infection

A

inflamed, itchy bump at bite site

58
Q

aka head lice…live on hairy surface of scalp

A

Pediculus humanus capitis

59
Q

this form of Pediculus humanus capitis attaches to base of hair shafts

A

nits

60
Q

how many eggs are deposited in female life cycle for lice? how long does it take for these to hatch (start feeding on host blood w/in one day)?

A

150 eggs; 8-9 days

61
Q

how many people infected each year with Pediculus humanus capitis?

A

10-12 million

62
Q

what is transmission of Sarcoptes scabei and Pediculus humanus capitis?

A

direct transmission

63
Q

what is treatment for Pediculus humanus capitis? what is more severe treatment for resistant bugs?

A

pediculicide shampoo, 1% permethrin, comb out nits; 0.5% malathion

64
Q

what is length of life cycle for Phthirus pubis? how many eggs can female produce?

A

one month; 30 eggs

65
Q

causes pubic lice (crabs)

A

Phthirus pubis

66
Q

treatment of choice for Phthirus pubis

A

1% permethrin

Parasitology & Mycology (8 decks)

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