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Parasitology & Mycology > Parasite 4 > Flashcards

Parasite 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

segments of tapeworms/Cestodes; what is head called?

A

proglottids; scolex

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2
Q

broad fish tapeworm…10-30 feet long…get into humans via fish consumption (start with barnacles/copepod and moves its way up)

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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3
Q

how long do Diphyllobothrium latum live? how long can they get?

A

30 years, 10-30 feet

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4
Q

form of Diphyllobothrium latum in copepod (first stage)

A

procercoid stage

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5
Q

form of Diphyllobothrium latum encysted in muscle of minnow (second stage)

A

Pleurocercoid

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6
Q

infective stage of Diphyllobothrium latum…in poorly cooked freshwater fish (paratenic…travels up food chain)

A

pleurocercoid

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7
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum in water…what copepods ingest

A

coracidium

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8
Q

what does Diphyllobothrium latum cause?

A

pernicious anemia, some N/V, abdominal discomfort

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9
Q

how many Diphyllobothrium latum need for mild clinical manifestations?

A

1

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10
Q

what is major player in areas that are affected by Diphyllobothrium latum? how many are affected worldwide?

A

defecation in water; 9 million

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11
Q

diagnosis of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

eggs or proglottids in stool

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12
Q

drug of choice for Diphyllobothrium latum; what supplement should be given also?

A

praziquantel; B12

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13
Q

beef tapeworm…10-20 feet long

A

Taenia saginata

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14
Q

what form of Taenia saginata is passed in feces?

A

proglottids

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15
Q

this has enough muscular strength slip out of anus unassisted…other than that won’t be able to detect parasite

A

Taenia saginata

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16
Q

form of Taenia saginata that invades intestinal wall of cow (get eggs by grazing on contaminated soil)

A

oncosphere

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17
Q

muscles of cows most affected by cysticercus in Taenia saginata

A

tongue, diaphragm, hind leg

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18
Q

form of Taenia saginata in muscles of cows…*infective form for humans*

A

cysticercus

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19
Q

Taenia saginata causes this…once have one worm,immune system makes Ab to other parasites that enter (prevents superinfection)

A

concomitant immunity

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20
Q

diagnosis for Taenia saginata

A

gravid proglottids in feces

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21
Q

traetment for Taenia saginata

A

Praziquantel

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22
Q

pork tapeworm…*humans can act as intermediate host*

A

Taenia solium

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23
Q

what can used human as intermediate host (eggs can develop in humans)

A

T. solium cysticerci

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24
Q

Taenia solium eggs in man

A

cysticercosis

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25
modes of cysticercosis infection for Taenia solium
food/drink human feces, reverse parastalsis
26
where can Taenia solium cysticerci be found after mysenteric veins?
subcutaneous CT, brain, eye, muscle, lungs
27
steps of reverse peristalsis in Taenia solium
egg, oncosphere, penetrate intestinal wall, mesenteric veins, cysticerci in tissue
28
two major places affected by Taenia solium cysticercosis (how bad depends on number and location)
retina/eye (blindness) and brain
29
could explain sudden onset epilepsy
Taenia solium cysticerci
30
where is Taenia solium most prevalent? what is infection rate?
Mexico, Central/S America, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia; 2-3%
31
diagnosis of Taenia solium; what is diagnosis for cysticercosis?
gravid proglottids in feces; soft-tissue Xray/CT
32
treatment for intestinal worms in Taenia solium; what other medication can be given?
Praziquantel (plus steroids); albendazole (also need cysticercosis surgery)
33
cestodes
Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia saginata, Taenia solium
34
trematodes
Schistosoma mansoni, haematobium, japonicum
35
trematode with lateral spine (most likely to show up); what snail is associated with this?
Schistosoma mansoni; Biomphalaria
36
trematode with spike at the end (mate well)...also affects bladder; what snail is associated?
Schistosoma haematobium; Bulinus snails
37
trematode with nondiscript oval shape; what snail is associated?
Schistosoma japonicum; Oncomelania snails
38
trematodes that affect mesenteric veins
Schistosoma mansoni and japonicum
39
where is Schistosoma mansoni prevalent?
AFrica, S.A, Carribean
40
where is Schistosoma haematobium prevalent?
Africa/Near East
41
where is Schistosoma japonicum prevalent?
China, Philippines
42
these Schistosomas eggs are excreted in feces; this is excreted in urine
mansoni and japonicum; haematobium
43
form of Schistosoma that hatches in water (ciliated...finds snail within 24 hours)...then undergoes asexual multiplication
miracidia
44
infective form of Schistosoma (heart to lungs to heart to veins)
cercariae
45
acute phase of Schistosoma infection (when adult egg laying occurs); when does this occur after infection?
fever, discomfort, pain; 1-2 months
46
what does chronic phase of Schistosoma infection (eggs) cause in intestine? what does it cause in liver and spleen? what does S haeincitobuun cause?
fibrosis, hepato/splenomegaly ; ulceration of bladder
47
treatment for Schistosoma (although some have become resistant)
praziquantel
48
diagnosis for Schistosoma
eggs in feces or urine (and blood in urine)
49
major control for Schistosoma
sanitation and hygiene
50
cause by bird shistosome entering skin of human (but unsuitable host)...leads to inflammation and rash
Swimmer's itch
51
treatment for Swimmer's itch
antihistamine lotion
52
aka itch mite...mates on skin and female then burrows (for 2 months)...causes intense itch and rash due to tunneling and excretory products
Sarcoptes scabei
53
what is symptom of Sarcoptes scabei infection?
intense itch and rash
54
common places for rash from Sarcoptes scabei to be found
between fingers, breasts, penis (children between fingers, wrist, elbow pit)
55
what is treatment for Sarcoptes scabei?
5% permethrin
56
these hide during day and follow CO2 gradient at night to find food (aka you)
Cimex
57
symptom of Cimex infection
inflamed, itchy bump at bite site
58
aka head lice...live on hairy surface of scalp
Pediculus humanus capitis
59
this form of Pediculus humanus capitis attaches to base of hair shafts
nits
60
how many eggs are deposited in female life cycle for lice? how long does it take for these to hatch (start feeding on host blood w/in one day)?
150 eggs; 8-9 days
61
how many people infected each year with Pediculus humanus capitis?
10-12 million
62
what is transmission of Sarcoptes scabei and Pediculus humanus capitis?
direct transmission
63
what is treatment for Pediculus humanus capitis? what is more severe treatment for resistant bugs?
pediculicide shampoo, 1% permethrin, comb out nits; 0.5% malathion
64
what is length of life cycle for Phthirus pubis? how many eggs can female produce?
one month; 30 eggs
65
causes pubic lice (crabs)
Phthirus pubis
66
treatment of choice for Phthirus pubis
1% permethrin

Parasitology & Mycology (8 decks)

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