Mycology 4

Question 1

Aspergillosis infection where hyphae become abundant in *existing cavities* (as fungus ball)….causes cough, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue

Answer 1

pulmonary aspergilloma

Question 2

form of Aspergillus that we inhale; what is first line of defense against these spores?

Answer 2

conidia; mucous layer and ciliary action

Question 3

in immunosuppressed patients, ASpergillus infection may cause this

Answer 3

vascular invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis lung tissue

Question 4

this results form Aspergillus fungus growth

Answer 4

granuloma formation (hyphae in middle)

Question 5

Aspergillus can produce toxic metabolites that will inhibit this

Answer 5

MP and neutrophil phagocytosis

Question 6

where is Aspergillus commonly found (other than soil)?

Answer 6

insulating material, ventilation (esp. hospital)

Question 7

where does Murcormycos infect (primarily with immune disorders)?

Answer 7

sinuses, brain, lungs

Question 8

common zygomycetes genera that cause Murcormycos infection

Answer 8

Absidia, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Mucor

Question 9

this grows as irregularly shaped, non-spetate hyphae with *right angle branches*

Answer 9

Murcormycos

Question 10

where is Murcormycos found?

Answer 10

soil and decaying vegetation

Question 11

originates in nose and sinus (esp. poorly managed diabetics)…could cause inflammation of CN

Answer 11

Rhinocerebral Murcormycosis

Question 12

patients with this condition are at greater risk for dangerous Murcormycos infection

Answer 12

diabetics

Question 13

symptoms of Rhinocerebral Murcormycosis

Answer 13

sinusitis, eye swelling, nasal scabbing, fever, redness skin

Question 14

initial presentation of Pulmonary Murcormycosis; where can it spread?

Answer 14

pneumonia (gets worse quickly); chest cavity, heart, brain

Question 15

single, painful hardened area of skin that may have blackened center

Answer 15

Cutaneous Murcormycosis

Question 16

treatment for Murcormycosis

Answer 16

surgery (remove all infected tissue)

Question 17

primary diagnosis of Murcormycosis infection

Answer 17

CT, MRI (must analyze tissue specimen to confirm)

Question 18

most important opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS

Answer 18

Pneumocystosis

Question 19

aka PCP

Answer 19

Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia

Question 20

two forms of PCP

Answer 20

thin-walled trophozoites and thick-walled cysts

Question 21

symptoms (other than pneumonia) that come with pneumocystosis

Answer 21

dry cough, fever, rapid and shortness of breathing

Question 22

form of PCP that is inhaled (transmitted via aerosols)

Answer 22

trophozoites or sporozoites

Question 23

transmission of PCP

Answer 23

aerosols

Question 24

main pathological finding in PCP infection

Answer 24

exfoliation of pneumocytes (and infiltration interstitial lung tissue)

Question 25

this results from PCP infection…organisms, necrotic cell debris, exudate fill alveolar cavity (also exfoliation of pneumocytes, which hinders gas exchange)

Answer 25

hypoxemia, respiratory alkalosis, impaired diffusing capacity and lung capacity

Question 26

predisposing factors for Pneumocytosis

Answer 26

corticosteroid therapy, transplant recipients, antineoplastic thereapy, AIDS

Question 27

treatment for acute infection of PCP

Answer 27

Trimethoprim-Sulphamehoxazole

Question 28

these block the production of folic acid (treatment for PCP)

Answer 28

Cotrimoxazole, Trimethoprim, Sulphamehoxazol

Question 29

effective compound for treatment in PCP

Answer 29

pentamidine isothionate

Question 30

prophylactic treatment for Pneumocytosis; this aerolized medication and reach high concentrations in lungs

Answer 30

TMP-SMZ; pentamidine

Question 31

ideal detection of PCP organisms by obtaining these specimens

Answer 31

bronchoalveolar lavage, lung biopsy, induced sputum

Question 32

preferred stains for PCP diagnosis

Answer 32

Giemsa, toludine blue, methenamine silver, calcofluor white

Question 33

most common organisms that causes Aspergillosis

Answer 33

ASpergillus fumigatus

Question 34

thin septate hyphae that branches at *45 degrees*

Answer 34

Aspergillus spp.

Question 35

Aspergillosis could cause allergic reaction in patients with this condition

Answer 35

asthma

Question 36

this is characteristic of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Answer 36

mucous plugs

Question 37

where do hyphae become abundant in pulmonary aspergilloma?

Answer 37

existing cavities

Question 38

in immunocompromised individuals…fever, chills, HA, cough, shortness of breath, *invasive sinusitis*; where can this spread?

Answer 38

invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; skin, eyes, heart, brain, kidneys (disseminated)

Question 39

this fungus could cause blood clots that block vessels (*cause thrombosis*)

Answer 39

rhinocerebral mucormycosis

Question 40

infection fo Mucromycoses is limited to these patients

Answer 40

immunocompromised (diabetic and trauma)

Question 41

what is inhaled in Mucromycoses infection? where do these invade after germination?

Answer 41

spores; tissues and blood vessels (cause tissue necrosis)

Question 42

Mucromycoses show predilection to this tissue

Answer 42

blood vessels (embolization and necrosis)

Question 43

this form of PCP is produced during asexual development

Answer 43

trophic/trophozoite (pleomorphic and found in clusters)

Question 44

PCP will form this ultimately when it replicates sexually (after mitosis)

Answer 44

mature cyst (with 8 spores)