Mycology 4 Flashcards
Aspergillosis infection where hyphae become abundant in *existing cavities* (as fungus ball)….causes cough, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue
pulmonary aspergilloma
form of Aspergillus that we inhale; what is first line of defense against these spores?
conidia; mucous layer and ciliary action
in immunosuppressed patients, ASpergillus infection may cause this
vascular invasion, hemorrhage, necrosis lung tissue
this results form Aspergillus fungus growth
granuloma formation (hyphae in middle)
Aspergillus can produce toxic metabolites that will inhibit this
MP and neutrophil phagocytosis
where is Aspergillus commonly found (other than soil)?
insulating material, ventilation (esp. hospital)
where does Murcormycos infect (primarily with immune disorders)?
sinuses, brain, lungs
common zygomycetes genera that cause Murcormycos infection
Absidia, Rhizomucor, Rhizopus, Mucor
this grows as irregularly shaped, non-spetate hyphae with *right angle branches*
Murcormycos
where is Murcormycos found?
soil and decaying vegetation
originates in nose and sinus (esp. poorly managed diabetics)…could cause inflammation of CN
Rhinocerebral Murcormycosis
patients with this condition are at greater risk for dangerous Murcormycos infection
diabetics
symptoms of Rhinocerebral Murcormycosis
sinusitis, eye swelling, nasal scabbing, fever, redness skin
initial presentation of Pulmonary Murcormycosis; where can it spread?
pneumonia (gets worse quickly); chest cavity, heart, brain
single, painful hardened area of skin that may have blackened center
Cutaneous Murcormycosis
treatment for Murcormycosis
surgery (remove all infected tissue)
primary diagnosis of Murcormycosis infection
CT, MRI (must analyze tissue specimen to confirm)
most important opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS
Pneumocystosis
aka PCP
Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia
two forms of PCP
thin-walled trophozoites and thick-walled cysts
symptoms (other than pneumonia) that come with pneumocystosis
dry cough, fever, rapid and shortness of breathing
form of PCP that is inhaled (transmitted via aerosols)
trophozoites or sporozoites
transmission of PCP
aerosols
main pathological finding in PCP infection
exfoliation of pneumocytes (and infiltration interstitial lung tissue)
this results from PCP infection…organisms, necrotic cell debris, exudate fill alveolar cavity (also exfoliation of pneumocytes, which hinders gas exchange)
hypoxemia, respiratory alkalosis, impaired diffusing capacity and lung capacity
predisposing factors for Pneumocytosis
corticosteroid therapy, transplant recipients, antineoplastic thereapy, AIDS
treatment for acute infection of PCP
Trimethoprim-Sulphamehoxazole
these block the production of folic acid (treatment for PCP)
Cotrimoxazole, Trimethoprim, Sulphamehoxazol
effective compound for treatment in PCP
pentamidine isothionate
prophylactic treatment for Pneumocytosis; this aerolized medication and reach high concentrations in lungs
TMP-SMZ; pentamidine
ideal detection of PCP organisms by obtaining these specimens
bronchoalveolar lavage, lung biopsy, induced sputum
preferred stains for PCP diagnosis
Giemsa, toludine blue, methenamine silver, calcofluor white
most common organisms that causes Aspergillosis
ASpergillus fumigatus
thin septate hyphae that branches at *45 degrees*
Aspergillus spp.
Aspergillosis could cause allergic reaction in patients with this condition
asthma
this is characteristic of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
mucous plugs
where do hyphae become abundant in pulmonary aspergilloma?
existing cavities
in immunocompromised individuals…fever, chills, HA, cough, shortness of breath, *invasive sinusitis*; where can this spread?
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis; skin, eyes, heart, brain, kidneys (disseminated)
this fungus could cause blood clots that block vessels (*cause thrombosis*)
rhinocerebral mucormycosis
infection fo Mucromycoses is limited to these patients
immunocompromised (diabetic and trauma)
what is inhaled in Mucromycoses infection? where do these invade after germination?
spores; tissues and blood vessels (cause tissue necrosis)
Mucromycoses show predilection to this tissue
blood vessels (embolization and necrosis)
this form of PCP is produced during asexual development
trophic/trophozoite (pleomorphic and found in clusters)
PCP will form this ultimately when it replicates sexually (after mitosis)
mature cyst (with 8 spores)
