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Parasitology & Mycology > Mycology 2 > Flashcards

Mycology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

causes Sporotrichosis (subcutaneous mycosis)

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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2
Q

where can you find Sporothrix schenckii fungus?

A

sphagnum moss, hay, plant materials, soil

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3
Q

Sporothrix schenckii grows as this at ambient temperature; how does it grow at 37C?

A

branching septate hyphae (with single or clustered microcondia); elongated yeasts

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4
Q

treatment for Sporothrix schenckii infection in cutaneous lesion

A

itraconazole or fluconazole

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5
Q

treatment for Sporothrix schenckii infection for lymphocutaneous, pulmonary, disseminated disease

A

amphotericin B

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6
Q

where is primary systemic mycosis initiated?

A

lung

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7
Q

three fungi that cause primary mycosis infection

A

Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis

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8
Q

inhalation of this causes San Joaquin Fever/Valley fever

A

Coccidioides immitis spores (Coccidioidomycosis)

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9
Q

at ambient temperature…Coccidioides immitis (branching, septate, hyphae) forms these; what is formed at 37C?

A

arthrospores; spherules (containing endospores)

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10
Q

patient will present with these symptoms in disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

A

sweating, dyspnea, fever, weight loss

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11
Q

how long does it take for disseminated Coccidioidomycosis progress/occur

A

weeks-2 years

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12
Q

risk factors for disseminated Coccidioidomycosis

A

advanced age, immunocompromised

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13
Q

disseminated Coccidioidomycosis has predilection for these areas of body

A

skin, bone, joints, CNS

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14
Q

where is Coccidioidomycosi endemic in USA?

A

Southern Texas, Arizona, California (desert soil…drought/rain enhance fungus dispersion, bat and rodent droppings enhance growth)

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15
Q

most prevalent mycotic infection in humans and animals

A

Histoplasmosis

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16
Q

two variations of Histoplasma capsulatum that cause histoplasmosis

A

capsulataum and duboisii

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17
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum form these at ambient temperature (grow as branching, septate hyphae); how do they grow at 37C?

A

microcondia and tuberculae macrocondia; small ovoid budding yeast cells

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18
Q

form of Histoplasma capsulatum in soil; what is inhaled by humans?

A

mycelial; conidia

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19
Q

this causes Blastomycosis…dimorphic fungi

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

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20
Q

how does Blastomyces dermatitidis grow at ambient temperature? how does it grow at 37C?

A

septate hyaline hyphae, unbranched short conidiophores; budding yeast cells

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21
Q

what does Blastomyces dermatitidis most commonly cause?

A

chronic granulomatous disease

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22
Q

does Sporothrix schenckii have micro or macrocondia at ambient temp?

A

microcondia

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23
Q

does Histoplasma capsulatum form micro or macrocondia?

A

microcondia and tuberculate macrocondia

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24
Q

symptoms of Sporotrichosis appear this long after exposure to Sporothrix schenckii

A

1-12 weeks

25
Q

characterized by inflamed and pussy subcutaneous nodules that progress along lymphatic channels; what do these lesions eventually become?

A

lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis; ulcerations

26
Q

is caused by direct inoculation or haematogenous seeding of bones

A

osteoarticular sporotrichosis

27
Q

various infections sporotrichosis can manifest as

A

lymphocutaneous, pulmonary, osteoarticular, disseminated

28
Q

where is C. immitis found? what phase is located here?

A

soil; mycelial arthrospore

29
Q

when conditions become dry…C. immitis hyphase develop arhtrospores, that then dissemiinate to this (become airborne and viable for long time in soil)

A

arthrocondia

30
Q

phase of C. immitis in infected tissue (becomes this after entering human)

A

spherule endospore (continually open and release hundreds of endospore…which develops into new spherule)

31
Q

symptomatic respiratory syndrome (mild-flu like presentation) appears this amount of time after C. immitis infection

A

1-3 weeks (95% recover in a few weeks)

32
Q

5-8% of patients with primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis develop this…due to failure of immune defenses; what is most common form?

A

chronic coccidioidomycosis; cavity or nodule formation

33
Q

sign of disseminated disease of coccidioidomycosis…hypersenstivity reaction in subcutaneous tissue, appears at anterior surface of lower extremities commonly

A

erythema nodosum

34
Q

sign of disseminated disease of coccidioidomycosis…pink-red ring around pale center (Target lesion)

A

erythema multiforme

35
Q

signs of disseminated disease of coccidioidomycosis

A

skin rash, meningitis, migratory arthralgias

36
Q

presence of arthralgias, fever, and erythema nodosum

A

Desert Rheumatism

37
Q

form of C. immitis that is inhaled (deposited in terminal bronchiole)

A

arthroconidia

38
Q

in coccidioidomycosis…these react with complement to promote chemotaxis

A

spherules

39
Q

in coccidioidomycosis…these are engulfed by MP to initiate acute inflammation phase (if isn’t cleared, will recruit more lymphocytes and granuloma will form)

A

endospores

40
Q

diagnosis for coccidioidomycosis

A

spherules in sputum, exudate, tissues in KOH

41
Q

mycelial phase antigen that can be used to detect Ab in coccidioidomycosis diagnosis

A

coccidioidin

42
Q

elevated levels of this is marker for disseminated, extrapulmonary disease

A

IgG

43
Q

treatments for coccidioidomycosis

A

oral fluconazole, itraconazole, AmB

44
Q

who are at risk for histo infection?

A

smokers, immunocompromised and children

45
Q

what may chronic pulmonary histo resemble?

A

pulmonary TB (coughing blood, fever, sweating, chest pain, shortness of breath)

46
Q

may see mouth sores and skin lesions in this form of histo

A

disseminated

47
Q

what form of histo is inhaled? where does this develop into yeast?

A

microconidia; alveolar MP

48
Q

men with this condition are susceptible for chronic pulmonary histo infection

A

emphysema

49
Q

can detect this antigen in blood, urine, or CSF for histo diagnosis

A

capsular antigen

50
Q

treatment for histoplasmosis

A

itraconazole and AmB

51
Q

this causes acute pulmonary mimic of bacterial TB (fever, dry cough, weight loss, chest pain, persistent cough)

A

Blastomycosis

52
Q

incubation period for Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

3 weeks-several months

53
Q

this causes blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

54
Q

where does Blastomycosis skin infection appear (enlarging raised lesion with ulcercating center)?

A

face, hands, wrists, feet, ankles

55
Q

severe blood-borne Blastomycosis fungal lesions can occur here

A

bones, prostate gland, testes, kidneys

56
Q

most common involvement of Blastomycosis

A

pulmonary and cutaneous

57
Q

what parts of North America are affected by Blastomycosis (overlaps with histo)

A

Southeastern and south central states (follows Mississippi and Ohio rivers)

58
Q

how long does it take Blastomyces dermatitidis to develop colony on culture medium (at 37C)

A

2 weeks

59
Q

treatment for Blastomycosis

A

itraconazole, AmB, or fluconazole

Parasitology & Mycology (8 decks)

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