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Parasitology & Mycology > Parasite 2 > Flashcards

Parasite 2 Flashcards

1
Q

tissue flagellate that causes Kalaazar disease (and is always present in MP)

A

Leishmania donovani

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2
Q

where is Leishmania donovani always present?

A

macrophages

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3
Q

what is transmission of Leishmania donovani? what form of this is taken up by host MP?

A

sandflies (Phlebotomus); amastigote

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4
Q

infective form of Leishmania donovani (occurs 5 days after being taken into sandfly MP)…this is then phagocytized by MP (in viscera)

A

promastigote

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5
Q

what is attacked by Leishmania donovani promastigote?

A

reticulo-endothelial system (spleen, liver, bone marrrow)

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6
Q

what is incubation period for Leishmania donovani (Kalaazar)?

A

3-12 months

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7
Q

symptoms of Leishmania donovani (Kalaazar)

A

fever (2-8 weeks), hepato or splenomegaly, anemia (also at great risk for bacterial infection)

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8
Q

where is Leishmania donovani prevalent? what is important reservoir in Eurasia and Latin America?

A

Asia/S america; dog

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9
Q

what is diagnosis of Leishmania donovani?

A

parasite in MP blood/tissue

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10
Q

treatment for Leishmania donovani infection

A

Sodium stibogluconate, antibiotics/Amphotericin B/Mitefosine

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11
Q

what is more serious….Leishmania donovani or tropica/mexicana?

A

donovani (other doesn’t enter blood)

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12
Q

where is Leishmania tropicana/mexicana limited to?

A

cutaneous RE cells

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13
Q

tissue flagellate that causes papule/disfiguring scar at entry site (gives patient immunity)…Oriental sore…Baghdad boil

A

Leishmania tropicana/mexicana

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14
Q

where is Leishmania tropicana/mexicana found?

A

Africa, Mediterranean, Southern Asia, Central America

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15
Q

diagnosis of Leishmania tropicana/mexicana

A

amastigote in skin scraping

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16
Q

treatment for Leishmania tropicana/mexicana

A

Sodium stibogluconate or paromomycin

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17
Q

causes American Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis…secondary lesion appears at mucocutaneous junction later on (causes deformity)

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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18
Q

where is Leishmania braziliensis found? what is reservoir?

A

Mexico and S. America; large jungle rodents

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19
Q

treatment for Leishmania braziliensis

A

Sodium stibogluconate

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20
Q

definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii…produce oocytes (in feces…viable for *1 year*)

A

cat

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21
Q

sporozoa…cat is definitive host…cause congenital problems (from mom to child)

A

Toxoplasma gondii

22
Q

what humans are infected with in Toxoplasma gondii infection

A

oocysts and pseudocysts

23
Q

asexual reproduction of Toxoplasma gondii occurs where in humans?

A

MP, blood, lymph

24
Q

what cells do Toxoplasma gondii reside in?

A

brain, liver, eyes

25
Q

resting stage of Toxoplasma gondii (ball of parasites)…no real symptoms with this

A

pseudocysts

26
Q

what are early symptoms of Toxoplasma gondii (before pseudocyst formation)?

A

mono-like symptoms

27
Q

symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis

A

still birth, brain damage, eye damage (65% develop later)

28
Q

ingestion of these in poorly cooked meat, or these in cat feces will cause Toxoplasma gondii infection

A

Bradyzoites/pseudocyst, oocyst

29
Q

diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii (TSP)…must do twice to detect active infection

A

Ab in serum

30
Q

treatment for Toxoplasma gondii infection; what can you give pregnant women?

A

Pyrimethamine/sulfadiazine; Spiramycin (prevents parasite crossing placenta)

31
Q

definitive host for plasmodium spp.

A

Anopheles mosquitoes

32
Q

after injection of plasmodium by mosquito…where does the parasite travel (where asexual reproduction occurs)? what is this form called?

A

liver cells; trophozoites

33
Q

form of plasmodium that get in blood and attack RBC (then become trophozoites again)

A

merozoites

34
Q

RBC rupture and release this form of plasmodium

A

merozoites

35
Q

what is formed by merozoites after lysis of RBC

A

macro and micro gametocytes

36
Q

this forms outside of stomach wall in mosquito after blood meal taken (in plasmodium replication)…then form oocysts

A

ookinete

37
Q

form of plasmodium that is present in salivary glands

A

sporozoites

38
Q

symptoms of plasmodium infection

A

recurrent chills and fever, anemia

39
Q

what is classic sign of diagnosis of plasmodium infection?

A

ring stage

40
Q

causes benign tertian malaria (43% all cases)…high fever, down for 2 days, high fever again (lasts for weeks) *relapse can occur*

A

Plasmodium vivax

41
Q

how often does merozoites break out of RBC in Plasmodium vivax infection?

A

every 48 hours

42
Q

causes Quartan malaria (7% all cases)…no relapse can occur

A

Plasmodium malariae

43
Q

how often does merozoites break out of RBC in Plasmodium malariae infection?

A

every 72 hours

44
Q

causes Malignant tertian malaria (50% all cases)…98% die…no relapse

A

Plasmodium falciparum

45
Q

when are merozoites released from RBC in Plasmodium falciparum infection? (will spike a fever almost all the time)

A

asynchronous and continuous

46
Q

plasmodium that has no preference for RBC…causes blackwater fever due to massive lysis though (dark red urine..mahogany color)

A

Plasmodium falciparum

47
Q

plasmodium that is 90% cases in Western Hemisphere (especially Brazil)

A

Plasmodium ovale

48
Q

diagnosis of plasmodium infection

A

parasite in blood smear

49
Q

drug of choice for plasmodium vivax, malariae, and ovale

A

Chloroquine

50
Q

what can be given for Chloroquine resistant plasmodium parasites…both expensive but effective

A

(Atouaquone/Proguamil), Malarone or Quinine sulfate

51
Q

clears the parasite from the liver (*works only in Plasmodium vivax and ovale*)

A

Primaquine

52
Q

prevention from Plasmodium infection; what can be given if resistant?

A

Chloroquine phosphate; Mefloquine, Malarone, Doxycycline, Artemether

Parasitology & Mycology (8 decks)

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