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Parasitology & Mycology > Mycology 3 > Flashcards

Mycology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

most important cause of opportunistic fungal infection

A

Candidiasis

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2
Q

Candidiasis is normal flora in these parts of body

A

mouth, GI, vagina, skin

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3
Q

patients with these conditions should be watched for Candidiasis opportunistic infection

A

diabetes and HIV

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4
Q

most prevalent form of Candidiasis infection

A

Candida albicans

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5
Q

Candida spp. grow in this form at all temps; what will it form on special media?

A

yeast; pseudohyphae and chlamydospores

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6
Q

aka thrush…white/grey plaques on hard palate, tongue, uvula (pseudomembranous oropharyngeal), diffuse erythema (erythematous or atrophic), angular cheilitis at corner of mouths

A

oropharyngeal candidiasis

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7
Q

three clinical presentations of oropharyngeal candidiasis

A

pseudomembranous oropharyngeal, erythematous or atrophic, angular cheilitis

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8
Q

burning or dryness of mouth, loss of taste, pain on swallowing…in candidiasis infection

A

angular cheilitis

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9
Q

predisoposing conditions for systemic candidiasis in neonates

A

low birth weight, intravascular catheter, antibiotic drugs

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10
Q

organ systems affected by neonatal candidiasis

A

eyes, lungs, kidneys, heart, CNS

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11
Q

renal complications can occur in neonatal candidiasis due to formation of this in ureters or renal pelvis

A

fungus ball formation

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12
Q

usual presentation of congenital candidiasis

A

generalized erythematous vesicular rash

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13
Q

topical treatment for candidiasis; what are other treatments?

A

nystatin and miconazole; Itraconazole, fluconazole, AmB

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14
Q

this disease beings in the lung…either resolves or travels to brain (meninges), skin, bones, or internal organs; has thick polysaccharide capsule, deposit melanin in cell wall when grown in catechols

A

Cryptococcosis

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15
Q

Cryptococcus deposits this in cell wall when grown in catechols (via phenol oxidase) *diagnostic*

A

melanin

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16
Q

two serotypes for Cryptococcus neoformans va. neoformans

A

A, D

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17
Q

two serotypes for Cryotoccus neoformans var. gattii

A

B, C

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18
Q

what is inhaled in Cryptococcosis; where are these then deposited?

A

spore; pulmonary alveoli (thru phagocytosis of alveolar MP)

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19
Q

the Cryptococcus capsule is antiphagocytic and immunosuppresive, but this protects the organism from oxidative damage

A

melanin

20
Q

characteristic lesion of Cryptococcus infection…tissue destruction due to organisms burden

A

cystic cluster of yeast (no inflammatory response, necrossi, or fibrosis)

21
Q

diagnosis of Cryptococcus infection

A

india ink prep of CSF, sputum, blood, urine; capsular antigen in serum

22
Q

immune competent treatment for Cryptococcus

A

fluconazole, itraconazole

23
Q

immune deficient treatment for Cryptococcus

A

AmB, flu cytosine

24
Q

cutaneous candidiasis…axillae, groin, inter/sub mammary folds, interglutael folds (due to moisture, friction, obesity, diabetes mellitus, broad spectrum antibiotics)

A

intertriginous candidiasis

25
Q

typical rash of intertriginous candidiasis

A

moist, macular erythematous rash with satellite lesions

26
Q

typical rash due to diaper candidiasis

A

erythematous lesions with erosions and satellite pustules

27
Q

typical rash for interdigitalis candidiasis (between finger and toe webspace)

A

eroded erthematous area (surrounded by macerated skin)

28
Q

affects toenails more than fingernails…start as paronchia (infection in structures around nail)…progress to painful, erythematous swelling (*can cause onycholysis…separation of cuticle from nail plate*)

A

candidal onychomycosis

29
Q

can be caused by candidiasis..total detachment of cuticle from nail plate

A

onycholysis

30
Q

predisposing factors for women to get vulvovaginal cadidiasis

A

broad-spectrum antibiotics, low pH, diabetes mellitus, sex, oral contraceptive

31
Q

common persistent and diffuse candidal infection (of nails, skin, and mucous membranes)

A

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

32
Q

burning pain in substernal area, dysphagia, N/V (*only in AIDS/severely immunocompromised*)

A

oesophageal candidiasis

33
Q

what oesophageal candidiasis can lead to

A

septicemia and disseminated candidiasis

34
Q

patients with leukemia or other hematological malignancies…numerous ulcerations of stomach (*can cause peritonitis and spread to liver, spleen and others if perforation occurs*)

A

GI candidiasis

35
Q

how patients can develop broncopulmonary candidiasis

A

hematogenous dissemination or bronchial extension (from oropharyngeal candidiasis)

36
Q

colonization of indwelling catheters (for peritoneal dialysis or perforation/diverticular colitis/surgery) by candida spp. can cause this

A

peritonitis (fever, pain, cloudy peritoneal dialysate)

37
Q

treatment with these can promote growth of Candida and cause UT candidiasis (most common in women)

A

antibiotic or corticosteroid

38
Q

these conditions could cause Candida cystitis

A

prolonged catheterization, diabetes w/ glycosuria, previous bladder endoscopy/surgery

39
Q

presence of yeasts in blood w/ or w/o visceral involvement

A

Candidemia

40
Q

can occur as result of hematogenous dissemination of Candidemia

A

endocarditis, hepatosplenic candidiasis

41
Q

what will Candida yeast cells stain after gram staining?

A

purple

42
Q

pulmonary cryptococcosis is characterized by this

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

43
Q

death from CNS cryptococcosis can occur in this time frame after symptoms develop

A

2 weeks-several years

44
Q

headache, altered mental status, N/V, cutaneous lesions 10-15% of time (papules, pustules, nodules, ulcers, draining sinuses)

A

CNS cryptococcosis

45
Q

Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found worldwide…especially where dried bird and pigeon species found (but birds aren’t infected)

A

neoformans

46
Q

Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found in tropical and subtropical climates…*regions with eucalyptus trees*

A

gattii

Parasitology & Mycology (8 decks)

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