Mycology 3 Flashcards
most important cause of opportunistic fungal infection
Candidiasis
Candidiasis is normal flora in these parts of body
mouth, GI, vagina, skin
patients with these conditions should be watched for Candidiasis opportunistic infection
diabetes and HIV
most prevalent form of Candidiasis infection
Candida albicans
Candida spp. grow in this form at all temps; what will it form on special media?
yeast; pseudohyphae and chlamydospores
aka thrush…white/grey plaques on hard palate, tongue, uvula (pseudomembranous oropharyngeal), diffuse erythema (erythematous or atrophic), angular cheilitis at corner of mouths
oropharyngeal candidiasis
three clinical presentations of oropharyngeal candidiasis
pseudomembranous oropharyngeal, erythematous or atrophic, angular cheilitis
burning or dryness of mouth, loss of taste, pain on swallowing…in candidiasis infection
angular cheilitis
predisoposing conditions for systemic candidiasis in neonates
low birth weight, intravascular catheter, antibiotic drugs
organ systems affected by neonatal candidiasis
eyes, lungs, kidneys, heart, CNS
renal complications can occur in neonatal candidiasis due to formation of this in ureters or renal pelvis
fungus ball formation
usual presentation of congenital candidiasis
generalized erythematous vesicular rash
topical treatment for candidiasis; what are other treatments?
nystatin and miconazole; Itraconazole, fluconazole, AmB
this disease beings in the lung…either resolves or travels to brain (meninges), skin, bones, or internal organs; has thick polysaccharide capsule, deposit melanin in cell wall when grown in catechols
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus deposits this in cell wall when grown in catechols (via phenol oxidase) *diagnostic*
melanin
two serotypes for Cryptococcus neoformans va. neoformans
A, D
two serotypes for Cryotoccus neoformans var. gattii
B, C
what is inhaled in Cryptococcosis; where are these then deposited?
spore; pulmonary alveoli (thru phagocytosis of alveolar MP)
the Cryptococcus capsule is antiphagocytic and immunosuppresive, but this protects the organism from oxidative damage
melanin
characteristic lesion of Cryptococcus infection…tissue destruction due to organisms burden
cystic cluster of yeast (no inflammatory response, necrossi, or fibrosis)
diagnosis of Cryptococcus infection
india ink prep of CSF, sputum, blood, urine; capsular antigen in serum
immune competent treatment for Cryptococcus
fluconazole, itraconazole
immune deficient treatment for Cryptococcus
AmB, flu cytosine
cutaneous candidiasis…axillae, groin, inter/sub mammary folds, interglutael folds (due to moisture, friction, obesity, diabetes mellitus, broad spectrum antibiotics)
intertriginous candidiasis
typical rash of intertriginous candidiasis
moist, macular erythematous rash with satellite lesions
typical rash due to diaper candidiasis
erythematous lesions with erosions and satellite pustules
typical rash for interdigitalis candidiasis (between finger and toe webspace)
eroded erthematous area (surrounded by macerated skin)
affects toenails more than fingernails…start as paronchia (infection in structures around nail)…progress to painful, erythematous swelling (*can cause onycholysis…separation of cuticle from nail plate*)
candidal onychomycosis
can be caused by candidiasis..total detachment of cuticle from nail plate
onycholysis
predisposing factors for women to get vulvovaginal cadidiasis
broad-spectrum antibiotics, low pH, diabetes mellitus, sex, oral contraceptive
common persistent and diffuse candidal infection (of nails, skin, and mucous membranes)
chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
burning pain in substernal area, dysphagia, N/V (*only in AIDS/severely immunocompromised*)
oesophageal candidiasis
what oesophageal candidiasis can lead to
septicemia and disseminated candidiasis
patients with leukemia or other hematological malignancies…numerous ulcerations of stomach (*can cause peritonitis and spread to liver, spleen and others if perforation occurs*)
GI candidiasis
how patients can develop broncopulmonary candidiasis
hematogenous dissemination or bronchial extension (from oropharyngeal candidiasis)
colonization of indwelling catheters (for peritoneal dialysis or perforation/diverticular colitis/surgery) by candida spp. can cause this
peritonitis (fever, pain, cloudy peritoneal dialysate)
treatment with these can promote growth of Candida and cause UT candidiasis (most common in women)
antibiotic or corticosteroid
these conditions could cause Candida cystitis
prolonged catheterization, diabetes w/ glycosuria, previous bladder endoscopy/surgery
presence of yeasts in blood w/ or w/o visceral involvement
Candidemia
can occur as result of hematogenous dissemination of Candidemia
endocarditis, hepatosplenic candidiasis
what will Candida yeast cells stain after gram staining?
purple
pulmonary cryptococcosis is characterized by this
acute respiratory distress syndrome
death from CNS cryptococcosis can occur in this time frame after symptoms develop
2 weeks-several years
headache, altered mental status, N/V, cutaneous lesions 10-15% of time (papules, pustules, nodules, ulcers, draining sinuses)
CNS cryptococcosis
Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found worldwide…especially where dried bird and pigeon species found (but birds aren’t infected)
neoformans
Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found in tropical and subtropical climates…*regions with eucalyptus trees*
gattii
