Mycology 3

Question 1

most important cause of opportunistic fungal infection

Answer 1

Candidiasis

Question 2

Candidiasis is normal flora in these parts of body

Answer 2

mouth, GI, vagina, skin

Question 3

patients with these conditions should be watched for Candidiasis opportunistic infection

Answer 3

diabetes and HIV

Question 4

most prevalent form of Candidiasis infection

Answer 4

Candida albicans

Question 5

Candida spp. grow in this form at all temps; what will it form on special media?

Answer 5

yeast; pseudohyphae and chlamydospores

Question 6

aka thrush…white/grey plaques on hard palate, tongue, uvula (pseudomembranous oropharyngeal), diffuse erythema (erythematous or atrophic), angular cheilitis at corner of mouths

Answer 6

oropharyngeal candidiasis

Question 7

three clinical presentations of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Answer 7

pseudomembranous oropharyngeal, erythematous or atrophic, angular cheilitis

Question 8

burning or dryness of mouth, loss of taste, pain on swallowing…in candidiasis infection

Answer 8

angular cheilitis

Question 9

predisoposing conditions for systemic candidiasis in neonates

Answer 9

low birth weight, intravascular catheter, antibiotic drugs

Question 10

organ systems affected by neonatal candidiasis

Answer 10

eyes, lungs, kidneys, heart, CNS

Question 11

renal complications can occur in neonatal candidiasis due to formation of this in ureters or renal pelvis

Answer 11

fungus ball formation

Question 12

usual presentation of congenital candidiasis

Answer 12

generalized erythematous vesicular rash

Question 13

topical treatment for candidiasis; what are other treatments?

Answer 13

nystatin and miconazole; Itraconazole, fluconazole, AmB

Question 14

this disease beings in the lung…either resolves or travels to brain (meninges), skin, bones, or internal organs; has thick polysaccharide capsule, deposit melanin in cell wall when grown in catechols

Answer 14

Cryptococcosis

Question 15

Cryptococcus deposits this in cell wall when grown in catechols (via phenol oxidase) *diagnostic*

Answer 15

melanin

Question 16

two serotypes for Cryptococcus neoformans va. neoformans

Answer 16

A, D

Question 17

two serotypes for Cryotoccus neoformans var. gattii

Answer 17

B, C

Question 18

what is inhaled in Cryptococcosis; where are these then deposited?

Answer 18

spore; pulmonary alveoli (thru phagocytosis of alveolar MP)

Question 19

the Cryptococcus capsule is antiphagocytic and immunosuppresive, but this protects the organism from oxidative damage

Answer 19

melanin

Question 20

characteristic lesion of Cryptococcus infection…tissue destruction due to organisms burden

Answer 20

cystic cluster of yeast (no inflammatory response, necrossi, or fibrosis)

Question 21

diagnosis of Cryptococcus infection

Answer 21

india ink prep of CSF, sputum, blood, urine; capsular antigen in serum

Question 22

immune competent treatment for Cryptococcus

Answer 22

fluconazole, itraconazole

Question 23

immune deficient treatment for Cryptococcus

Answer 23

AmB, flu cytosine

Question 24

cutaneous candidiasis…axillae, groin, inter/sub mammary folds, interglutael folds (due to moisture, friction, obesity, diabetes mellitus, broad spectrum antibiotics)

Answer 24

intertriginous candidiasis

Question 25

typical rash of intertriginous candidiasis

Answer 25

moist, macular erythematous rash with satellite lesions

Question 26

typical rash due to diaper candidiasis

Answer 26

erythematous lesions with erosions and satellite pustules

Question 27

typical rash for interdigitalis candidiasis (between finger and toe webspace)

Answer 27

eroded erthematous area (surrounded by macerated skin)

Question 28

affects toenails more than fingernails...start as paronchia (infection in structures around nail)...progress to painful, erythematous swelling (\*can cause onycholysis...separation of cuticle from nail plate\*)

Answer 28

candidal onychomycosis

Question 29

can be caused by candidiasis..total detachment of cuticle from nail plate

Answer 29

onycholysis

Question 30

predisposing factors for women to get vulvovaginal cadidiasis

Answer 30

broad-spectrum antibiotics, low pH, diabetes mellitus, sex, oral contraceptive

Question 31

common persistent and diffuse candidal infection (of nails, skin, and mucous membranes)

Answer 31

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 32

burning pain in substernal area, dysphagia, N/V (\*only in AIDS/severely immunocompromised\*)

Answer 32

oesophageal candidiasis

Question 33

what oesophageal candidiasis can lead to

Answer 33

septicemia and disseminated candidiasis

Question 34

patients with leukemia or other hematological malignancies...numerous ulcerations of stomach (\*can cause peritonitis and spread to liver, spleen and others if perforation occurs\*)

Answer 34

GI candidiasis

Question 35

how patients can develop broncopulmonary candidiasis

Answer 35

hematogenous dissemination or bronchial extension (from oropharyngeal candidiasis)

Question 36

colonization of indwelling catheters (for peritoneal dialysis or perforation/diverticular colitis/surgery) by candida spp. can cause this

Answer 36

peritonitis (fever, pain, cloudy peritoneal dialysate)

Question 37

treatment with these can promote growth of Candida and cause UT candidiasis (most common in women)

Answer 37

antibiotic or corticosteroid

Question 38

these conditions could cause Candida cystitis

Answer 38

prolonged catheterization, diabetes w/ glycosuria, previous bladder endoscopy/surgery

Question 39

presence of yeasts in blood w/ or w/o visceral involvement

Answer 39

Candidemia

Question 40

can occur as result of hematogenous dissemination of Candidemia

Answer 40

endocarditis, hepatosplenic candidiasis

Question 41

what will Candida yeast cells stain after gram staining?

Answer 41

purple

Question 42

pulmonary cryptococcosis is characterized by this

Answer 42

acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 43

death from CNS cryptococcosis can occur in this time frame after symptoms develop

Answer 43

2 weeks-several years

Question 44

headache, altered mental status, N/V, cutaneous lesions 10-15% of time (papules, pustules, nodules, ulcers, draining sinuses)

Answer 44

CNS cryptococcosis

Question 45

Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found worldwide...especially where dried bird and pigeon species found (but birds aren't infected)

Answer 45

neoformans

Question 46

Cyptococcous neoformans variation that is found in tropical and subtropical climates...\*regions with eucalyptus trees\*

Answer 46

gattii