paper2 dont know Flashcards
(52 cards)
cloning
-nucleus removed from egg
- nucleus from body cell inserted into egg cell
- egg cell given an electric shock to make it divide
- embryo is genetically identical to the body cell taken from the organism they wanted to clone
why can bone marrow cells produce red and white blood cells
stem cells - undifferentiated
have genes to develop different cells
why draining swamps reduces malaria
mosquitos breed in swamps
genetic modification of children - ethical issues
- might not work for humans
- germline treatments so affects all descendants
why a twin is perfect for transplant
- same genes wont be rejected
- same age / size
why selective breeding health problems will be avoided in future generations
- select animals with less problems to breed
- better healthcare
how to genetically engineer pigs to produce organisms not rejected by humans
- identify gene for human tissue
- isolate the gene
- insert into a pig embryo
- replicate cell
- check they have the gene (antibiotic)
lactase
produces milk for people with dairy intolerance
why is cloning animals more difficult than cloning plants
- animal cells cant differentiate - lose ability early
- plants retain the ability throughout their life
inverse light rule
1/d^2
need for a DNA database
- for biometrics to unlock a phone or computer to identify someone
- identify genetic disorders
water bath advantages
- comtrol temp
- less fire risk
explain why the amount of O2 given off is not a measure of the rate of photosynthesis
respiration occurs using up some O2
how number of air bubbles changes as distance between lamo and beaker increases
- as distance increase light intensity decreases
- light intensity decreases there is less energy for photosynthesis
- light will not fall to zero
which part of brain automatically controls heart/breathing rate
medulla
counter current heat exchange system
- warms cold blood entering body
- cools blood entering foot
- reduces heat loss from the foot
- vessels close together
hwo water content of soil is affected by size of soil particles
- bigger particles have more air space
- more space for water
why ozone is lost from atmosphere
CFCs
aerosols
which continent is most affected by ozone loss
south africa - lost the most now exposed to UV
biofuels can be used without causing a net increase in greenhouse gases - how?
CO2 taken in in photosynthesis and released when biofuel is burnt
why keep methane below 10%
so it doesnt explode
why illegal drugs are in different classes
- show their danger
- different punishments for owning/selling
saturated fats
cause cholesteral build up narrowing arteries and reducing blood flow
asthma attack
- lining of airways inflamed
- fluid builds up
- muscles around broncioles contract
- airways narrow
