5.1 variation / mutatiom Flashcards

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1
Q

environmental variation

A

piercings, glasses, tatoos

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2
Q

genetic variation

A

eye colour, blood group, prescence of genetic disorders

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3
Q

how many genes control a genetic disorder

A

one

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4
Q

continuous data

A

a characteritic can be any value between a min-max
e.g. height
- range of values
genetic or environmental
multiple genes

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5
Q

discontinuous data

A

distinct groups of characteristics eg blood type - A, B, AB, O
- one (or few) genes
genetic only

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6
Q

why is variation essential for survival

A

cruical to evolution - each species in a stable environment is there because it has adapted to be there

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7
Q

genetic vaariation is the result of

A
  • mutations
  • sexual reproduction (2random gametes fuse)
  • meiosis (all gametes genetically diff - random pairing + switching of genes)
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8
Q

what is a mutation

A
  • change in the sequence of bases in DNA
  • occur randomly
  • can occur if DNA isnt replicated correctly
  • some substances eg ethanol + ionising radiation increase chance of mutation
    lead to ALLELES
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9
Q

mutation effects

A

harmful - affect person/offspring eg cancer
neutral - dont benefit nor harm eg attached earlobes
beneficial - eg tall neck for giraffes

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10
Q

substitution mutations

A
  • silent - results in triplet code that codes for same amino acid
  • nonsense - results in a stop - shorter protein made
  • missense - diff amino acid coded for - diff shape if enzyme diff active site
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11
Q

types of mutation

A
  • substitution - one base changed to another
  • insertion- base added - to gene
  • deletion - base deleted - alters all triplet code downstream
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12
Q

non coding sections of DNA

A
  • specific sequences of dna before a gene which trigger transcription
  • if mutation occurs here - transcription factors cant bind - gene not turned on - gene not transcriped - proteins not produced
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