maintaining internal environment Flashcards

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1
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of constant internal environment

AUTOMATIC - uses nerves/ hormones don’t think

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2
Q

what is kept at constant levels

A
temp
water level
blood sugar level
CO2 level
blood pressure
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3
Q

why inputs balance outputs

why we have a constant internal environment

A

enzymes control all reactions in cells

homeostasis maintains ideal conditions for enzymes

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4
Q

ideal body temp

A

37 °C - core temp

optimum for enzymes

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5
Q

how to measure temp

A

thermometer
temp sensitive strips
digital probes
thermal imaging

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6
Q

homeothermic

A

animal that can keep its temp constant

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7
Q

hypothermia

A

if temp is below 32°
reaction in cells slows
pulse rate slows
can die

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8
Q

above 40° body temp

A

heat stroke/dehydration
enzymes denature (active site changes shape ESCs can’t form)
can die

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9
Q

gain heat

A
  • respiration (exothermic)
  • shivering + exercise - muscle contraction - increases respiration
  • vasoconstriction
  • wearing clothes - insulates
  • hairs stand in end - trap heat
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10
Q

vasoconstriction

A

when body is cold

  • arteriolar in skin get narrower
  • less blood flows to skin surface
  • less heat loss (by radiation)
  • look paler
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11
Q

loose heat

A
  • vasodilation
  • sweating - evaporates water (uses skin heat)
  • wear fewer clothes
  • hairs lie flat - heat can escape
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12
Q

vasodilation

A

when body is hot

  • arteriolar in skin get wider
  • more blood flows to skin surface
  • more heat lost (radiation)
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13
Q

negative feedback - body temp control - too hot

A

hypothalamus detects change
- brain sends impulse to skin to cool
- skin sweats or vasodilation
cool down

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14
Q

negative feedback - body temp control - too cold

A

hypothalamus detects change
- brain sends impulse to skin to warm
- skin shivers or vasoconstriction
warm up

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15
Q

endotherm

A

an organism that is internally warmed by heat- generating metabolic process

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16
Q

ectothermic

A

use external environment to maintain temp

17
Q

endothermic regulation +/-

A

+ can come out in cool night
+ can span diff. habitat/climate
- high energy use to maintain heat
- needs to eat food to provide energy