Paper 3 data Flashcards
Why do we sample data?
To save time, energy, money, labour/ man power, equipment, access to suitable sites to ensure every single item or site within the parent population or whole sampling frame.
What are the three types of sampling techniques?
Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
What is Random Sampling?
Selecting a data collection site at random
Give an advantage of Random Sampling:
Every person/ site has equal chance of being included = representative
Give a disadvantage of Random Sampling:
Can cause bias because you can be drawn to certain groups which affects reliability of results
What is Systematic Sampling?
Collecting data in an ordered or regular way
Give an advantage of systematic sampling:
Allows a good coverage of the study area.
More straightforward
Give a disadvantage of systematic sampling:
Can miss certain groups/ sites altogether due to every nth person/ metres which could skew results
What is Stratified Sampling?
Dividing sampling into groups
Give an advantage of stratified sampling:
Selects groups which means data is more representative of the whole population
Give a disadvantage of stratified sampling:
Need to access background information to avoid over/ under representation of groups
Give an example of random sampling:
Random person to interview
Random site on a river
Give an example of systematic sampling:
Stopping every 10th person
Taking measurements every 20 metres along a river
Give an example of stratified sampling:
Samples from each course of a river
5 people from each age/ socioeconomic group
Give an advantage of a choropleth map:
Easy to construct
Shows a visual impact for the data
Give a disadvantage of a choropleth map:
Colourblind people
As maps are based on areas, it suggests that conditions are constant within the area - no variation - they suggest a sharp contrast at the boundary
Hard to distinguish between similar shades of colour
Give an advantage of a flow map:
Useful way to compare movements between places
Very visual method
Give a disadvantage of a flow map:
You do not want the lines to cluster up the map
Need to be able to see the differences between the data
Give an advantage of percentage bar graphs (compound bar graphs):
Useful way to compare things
Very visual method of presenting data
Useful when you have a lot of data
Give a disadvantage of percentage bar graphs (compound bar graphs):
Need to take care when taking readings of the graph
Can be tempting to compare too many things
Give an advantage of an isoline map:
Useful to join places of equal values or amounts
Very visual method of presenting data
Give a disadvantage of an isoline map:
Can be difficult to draw
Can be difficult to understand
Give an advantage of a line graph:
Useful to show how things change over time
Easy to read and to identify patterns
Give a disadvantage of a line graph:
Need to think carefully about the scale, can become distorted
Unsuitable if there are only a few data points
Give an advantage of a pie graph/ pie chart:
Can show a lot of data on one graph
They are easy to understand
Useful to show how things are divided up
Give a disadvantage of a pie graph/ pie chart:
They do not easily show exact values
Small figures are sometimes not clear
Give an advantage of a scatter graph:
Useful when you want to show a relationship between two sets of data
Clearly shows data correlation
Give a disadvantage of a scatter graph:
With lots of data can be difficult to label data points
Too much data can make it unreadable
Data Analysis
Radar/ rose graph -
Bar Graph -
Choropleth Map -
%/ compound bar graph -
Isoline Map -
Built environment survey
Questionnaire/ house prices
Land use
Land use
Traffic Count
Data Analysis
Flow Map -
Proportional Circle -
Fieldsketch -
GIS (DigitMaps or Google Maps) -
Pedestrian count
Noise pollution
Shop in Castle Street
Risk Assessment
