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Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE > 1A > Flashcards

1A Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Urbanisation

A

The increase of people living in towns and cities, causing them to grow.

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2
Q

Define Suburbanisation

A

The growth of a town or city into the surrounding countryside

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3
Q

Define Deindustrialisation

A

The decline of industry in an area

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4
Q

Define Counter-urbanisation

A

The movement of people from the cities to countryside areas.

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5
Q

Define Re-urbanisation

A

The movement of people back into urban areas, usually after a city has been modernised/ redeveloped.

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6
Q

Where did urbanisation start?

A

Middle East

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7
Q

Which two countries have a population over 1 billion?

A

India and China

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8
Q

Name 3 countries with a population over 100 million:

A

Russia
Brazil
U.S.A.
Pakistan
Mexico
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Japan

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9
Q

Which continent has the biggest population?

A

Asia

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10
Q

What are the two causes of Urbanisation?

A

-> Natural Increase (more births than deaths)
-> Rural to Urban Migration (push and pull factors)

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11
Q

Give 3 push factors for urban growth:

A

Limited Education
Mechanisation in Farming
Lack of education
Environmental changes (eg. drought)
Lack of resources
Few job opportunties
Lack of healthcare
Lack of Investment

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12
Q

Give 3 pull factors for urban growth:

A

Better jobs
Better utilities
Better education
Hope of improved living standards
Better healthcare
“Bright lights” of the city
Higher wages

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13
Q

In 1950, which were the top 3 most populated cities?

A
  1. New York, USA
  2. London, UK
  3. Tokyo, Japan
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14
Q

In 2018, which were the top 3 most populated cities?

A
  1. Tokyo, Japan
  2. Dheli, India
  3. Shanghai, China
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15
Q

Define Megacity

A

Cities with a population over 10 million

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16
Q

Which were the only two megacities in 1950?

A

New York and Tokyo

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17
Q

Which content has the most megacities?

A

Asia

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18
Q

Give 2 positive effects of rapid urbanisation

A

Better education
Economic development

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19
Q

Give 2 negative effects of rapid urbanisation

A

Overcrowding
Pressure on services (transport, health, education)
Pollution
Increased housing prices

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20
Q

Define Population

A

Total number of people

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21
Q

Define Population Distribution

A

General pattern of where people live

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22
Q

Define Population Density

A

Total number of people per square mile or km of land

23
Q

Describe the population distribution of the UK. Mention regions

A

Areas with lowest population distributions are quite mountainous.
Areas with highest population distributions are flatter land (London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Dublin, Cardiff, Edinborough etc.)

24
Q

Give 2 reasons for dense populations

A

-> Services - easy access
-> Flat land - building, growing crops
-> Pleasant climate - good soil
-> Industry - better transport links

25
Q

Give 2 reasons for sparse populations

A

-> Remote - far from services
-> Mountainous/ hilly land - building, growing crops
-> Rivers - flooding

26
Q

Define Relief

A

The shape of the land (how flat or mountainous it is)

27
Q

Give 2 physical factors impacting population density:

A

Relief
Water
Climate
Natural Resources
Soil
Vegetation

28
Q

Give 2 human factors impacting population density:

A

Jobs
Transport
Hospitals
Education
Roads
Facilities
Housing

29
Q

Define Location

A

Where the city is

30
Q

Define Site

A

The land the city was originally built on

31
Q

Define Situation

A

Where the city is compared to physical and human features around it

32
Q

Name the 5 sections of the burgess Model from inner to outer :

A

CBD (Central Business District)
Inner City
Inner Suburbs
Outer Suburbs
Commuter Zone

33
Q

Explain the CBD

A

City core.
Contains shops, offices, entertainment. Few Residential. High buildings.

34
Q

Explain the Inner City

A

Mixed land use of small industries, small houses and offices.
Old industrial zone.
Often contains flats. Being redeveloped in developed countries.

35
Q

Explain the Inner Suburbs

A

Housing dates 80-100 years.
Terraced houses with back yards. Often contains low income families.

36
Q

Explain the Outer Suburbs

A

Semi-detatched houses. Council houses. Shopping parades. Out-of-town shops. Middle income families live here.

37
Q

Explain Commuter Zone

A

Green belt around urban areas. Beyond it, small towns and village. High cost housing big gardens and space.

38
Q

Give a limitation to the Burgess Model.

A

Rivers, lakes, conservation areas etc. need to be built around, and this can affect the plan of the burgess Land Use model.

39
Q

Define top-down approaches

A

Government led
Larger scale

40
Q

Define bottom-up approaches

A

Community led
Smaller scale

41
Q

What is globalisation?

A

The process where countries, and therefore people, become increasingly interconnected through communication, transport, and trade.

42
Q

What is containerisation?

A

Containerisation is the transportation of raw materials and goods in large containers. It is a cause of deindustrialisation because it is easier for businesses to relocate.

43
Q

Give 2 reasons for deindustrialisation:

A

-> Natural resources become exhausted or more expensive
-> Businesses relocate abroad, often to developing or emerging (cheaper, less strict pollution/ health/ safety laws).

44
Q

What is the result of suburbanisation for places like Radyr?

A

Suburban crawl - Radyr is now part of the urban area of Cardiff. ‘Swallowed up’ by urban crawl.

45
Q

Give a social impact of deindustrialisation:

A

-> Loss of jobs + increase in unemployment
-> Drug use
-> Out migration of skilled workers
-> Less employment opportunities
-> Boarded up derilict/ unused buildings

46
Q

Give an economic impact of deindustrialisation:

A

-> Fall in property prices
-> Lack of investment in the area
-> Businesses and services close or move to other areas.

47
Q

Give an environmental impact of deindustrialisation:

A

-> Vandalism (eg. graffiti)

48
Q

Cause of deindustrialisation in Cardiff:

A

Coal exports declined from the 1920s due to falling demand following the discovery of North Sea oil. The decline of the coal and steel industries in South Wales had a big impact on the docks.

49
Q

Impact of deindustrialisation in Cardiff:

A

Tiger Bay became a neglected wasteland of derelict docks and mudflats with a quarter of buildings empty. The population faced social, economic, and environmental problems due to the coal and steel industries decline. Job losses led to 60% unemployment in Butetown.

50
Q

What is counter-urbanisation?

A

Urban to rural

51
Q

2 reasons for counter-urbanisation:

A

1) Increased car ownership and better transport networks (easier to commute)
2) Push factors from cities -> people wanting to leave
3) Pull factors to the countryside - viewed as a nicer place to live

52
Q

What is a Zone of Discard?

A

An area that was once a part of the CBD but is now in decline and characterised by low-status shops and warehouses, and vacant property.

53
Q
A

Geography Paper 1 and 2 Edexcel GCSE (15 decks)

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