Paper 3 Carding Mill Valley Flashcards
What were 4 possible risks?
-> Misuse of equipment - hold ranging pole with sharp end down
-> Traffic - face any oncoming traffic
-> Uneven/ wet ground - appropriate footwear, walk carefully
-> Weather - appropriate clothing (warm, hat, suncream)
-> Depth and flow of river - check depth of water with pole. Don’t go into fast-flowing river.
-> Slippery rocks - correct footwear and be careful, walk slowly.
Hypothesis:
The width of the river channel
The wetted perimeter
The velocity of water
The gradient of the valley
The size of bedload
The roundness of bedload
River flooding
The width of the river channel increases downstream.
The wetted perimeter increases downstream.
The velocity of water increases downstream.
The gradient of the valley decreases downstream.
The size of bedload decreases downstream.
The roundness of bedload increases downstream.
River flooding impacts on local people.
How do we collect velocity?
Use a flow metre to take three measurements and calculate velocity in cumecs
Velocity
What could go wrong?
How could it be imporved?
WCGW - Flow metres didn’t always work and got ‘stuck’
HCIBI - Take more measurements to improve accuracy
Hypothesis for velocity? Why?
Velocity increased downstream
Less friction causes increased velocity
How can we represent velocity data?
Flow line map
Bar Graph
How do we collect wetted perimeter?
Use a metal chain to trace wetted perimeter then measure the chain that was in contact with banks/ bed
Wetter Perimeter
What could go wrong?
How could it be improved?
WCGW - Chain could be lying on rocks instead of bed and river.
Difficult to make sure chain is in contact.
HCIBI - Take multiple measurements for improved accuracy
What was the wetted perimeter hypothesis? Why?
Wetted perimeter increased downstream.
More water added from tributaries
How can wetter perimeter data be represented?
Bar graph
How can we collect the valley gradient?
Use Clinometer to measure gradient between two ranging poles 5 metres apart
Valley Gradient
What could go wrong?
How could it be improved?
WCGW - may not measure 5m accurately
HCIBI - Take measurements from each course of the river to see if it fits the Bradshaw model
What was the hypothesis for valley gradeint?
Wasn’t proved - all measurements we took were in the upper course
How was data for the flood risk map collected?
Environment Agency
What was the link to hypothesis for flood risk map?
Area where data collected does not flood but high risk downstream - houses and transport affected
