Paper 2 sport in society - Emergence and evolution of sport Flashcards
How social class affected sport participation
Working class - Mob football = poor English skills so can’t read rules of more complex sports, can’t afford expensive equipment
Upper class - Real tennis = many rules, expensive equipment and stadia
Gender in pre industrial
Women only participated in a smock race to win a dress as they were seen as the weaker gender
Due to this activities were seen to not be too dangerous and strenuous
Education and literacy
Upper class could read and there for could understand rules of sports
Lower classes had poor English skills and therefore couldn’t read rules
Availability of money - pre industrial
Upper class - had more money and could therefore travel to watch sport.
They could afford horses, equipment and appropriate clothing for sports such as hunting
Lower class - Low amounts of money and therefore couldn’t travel to spectate or compete in sports.
Could not afford equipment Such as specialist clothing etc
Type and availability of transport - Pre industrial
Upper class could afford horse and cart
Lower classes had to walk
Social class - Post 1850
Middle class was created which consisted of factory owners and managers who did not own big estates and were not born into aristocracy
Public school
A place of education of old standing which the sons of gentlemen traditionally attended in large numbers and continue to attend from 8 - 18 years of age.
Amateurism and professionalism - post 1850
To be amateur was to not need to be paid to play and therefore this status suited the upper class and eventually the middle classes.
Professionals were often working class who were compensated through the use of broken time payments for missing work in order to compete.
Gender and the changing status of women - 19th century
Roles of women in society in the nineteenth century was restricted by their place in society and their very limited opportunities.
Women were expected to marry and have children and be financially dependent on their husbands
Law and order - post 1850
The development of more defined laws and sense of order affected the types of activities that were undertaken, especially for the working class.
Law changes lead to the decline of blood sports such as animal baiting and cock fighting
Education and literacy - Post 1850
A national system of education came late in Britain mainly because of the social, economic and religious climate of the century
Education act of 1870 (Forster Act):
- Required the establishment of elementary schools nationwide
- Meant to supplement the schools already ran by the churches
Availability of time and money - Post 1850
Working class - Factory owners created teams made up of workers to compete against other factories. This increases the availability of time for working class men to compete and participate in sports whilst also starting off leagues and keeping the workers fit and healthy
Type and availability of transport - Post 1850
- Early canals
- Roads
- Bicycles
- Railways
- Eventually the motor car
These all helped to enable good communication and travel.
These were very important to the development of seaside resorts and in sport, allowed fixtures to be played and spectators to be able to visit venues around the country
Influence of public schools
Pupils from the schools created sports couch as rugby and football as we know them today
‘Old boys’ or former students would travel around the world and teach the sports that they had created at the public schools aswell as the rules they they had created for these sports.
Public schools also dedicated Wednesday afternoon for sports which allowed the students to constantly improve and become the best that they could be.
The effects of the development of the railways - Post 1850
Horse racing - Horses no longer had to walk between meetings and could therefore compete all across the country
