Paper 1 Muscular System

Question 1

Agonist muscle

Answer 1

A muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint

Question 2

Antagonist muscle

Answer 2

A muscle that opposes the agonist muscle providing a resistance for coordinated movement

Question 3

Isotonic contraction

Answer 3

Muscular contraction which changes length during its contraction

E.g. Concentric or eccentric

Question 4

Concentric contraction

Answer 4

Muscular contraction which shortened while producing tension

Question 5

Eccentric contraction

Answer 5

Muscular contraction which lengthens while producing tension

Question 6

Isometric contraction

Answer 6

Muscular contraction which stays the same length while producing tension

Question 7

Fixator muscle

Answer 7

A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another moves

Question 8

Antagonistic muscle action

Answer 8

Paired muscle action.

As the agonist muscle shortens to create movement, the antagonist lengthens to co-ordinate the action

Question 9

Movement analysis

Answer 9

Analysis of the type and cause of bodily movement

Including knowledge of the joint type, articulating bones, movement pattern, agonist and antagonist muscle action and contraction

Question 10

Motor neuron

Answer 10

A nerve cell which conducts a nerve impulse to a group of muscle fibres

Question 11

Motor unit

Answer 11

A motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

Question 12

Action potential

Answer 12

Positive electrical charge inside the nerve and muscle cells

Which conducts the nerve impulse down the neuron and into the muscle fibre.

Question 13

Neuro transmitter

Answer 13

A chemical produced and secreted by a motor neuron which transmits a nerve impulse across the synaptic cleft to the muscle fibre

Question 14

All or non law

Answer 14

Depending on whether the stimulus is above a threshold, all muscle fibres will give a complete contraction or no contraction at all

Question 15

Slow oxidative muscle fibres

Answer 15

A type of muscle fibre rich in mitochondria, myoglobin and capillaries which produces a small amount of force over a long period of time

Question 16

Fast glycolytic muscle fibres

Answer 16

A type of muscle fibre rich in Phosphocreatine which produces a maximal Force over a short period of time

Question 17

Phosphocreatine

Answer 17

A high energy component stored in the muscle cells and broken down for ATP resynthesis

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

A structure in the sarcoplasm responsible for aerobic energy production

Question 19

Myoglobin

Answer 19

Globular protein in the muscle cells responsible for carrying and storing oxygen to the mitochondria

Question 20

Origin

Answer 20

The point of muscular attachment to stationary bone which stays relatively fixed during muscular contraction.

For example, the biceps brachiis origin is on the scapula during an arm curl.

Question 21

Insertion

Answer 21

The point of muscular attachment to a moveable bone which gets closer to the origin during muscular contraction.

For example, the biceps brachiis insertion is on the radius during an arm curl.