Exercise physiology - Preparation and training methods

Question 1

Macro cycle

Answer 1

• Long term training plan (one year)

Question 2

Meso cycle

Answer 2

• Mid term training plan (six weeks)

Question 3

Micro cycle

Answer 3

Short term training plan (one week)

Question 4

Predatory phase

Answer 4

General, sport specific and skill based fitness

Question 5

Competitive phase

Answer 5

Strategies, tactics and tapering training

Question 6

Transition phase

Answer 6

Active rest and recuperation

Question 7

Fitness tests

Answer 7

• Multi stage fitness test
• 12 minute cooper run
• Queens collège step test

Question 8

Vo2 max

Answer 8

Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise

Question 9

Aerobic capacity

Answer 9

The ability of the body to inspire, transport and utilise oxygen to perform sustained periods of aerobic activity

Question 10

Cardiovascular diseases

Answer 10

Include atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD)

This can result in a heart attack or stroke

Question 11

Respiratory diseases

Answer 11

Include asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 12

Static flexibility

Answer 12

The range of motion about a joint without reference to speed of movement

Question 13

Dynamic flexibility

Answer 13

The range of motion about a joint with reference to speed of movement

Question 14

Affecting factors of flexibility

Answer 14

• Type of joint
• Length and elasticity of connective tissue
• Gender
• Age

Question 15

Static stretching

Answer 15

Involves stretching whilst staying still

Question 16

Static active stretching

Answer 16

A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position themselves with no assistance

Question 17

Static passive stretching

Answer 17

A performer moves the joint just beyond the point of resistance with assistance

Question 18

Isometric stretching

Answer 18

A performer isometrically contracte the muscles while holding a stretched position for 7-20 seconds

Question 19

Ballistic stretching

Answer 19

Swinging or bouncing movements

Fast jerky movements

Question 20

Dynamic stretching

Answer 20

Involves taking a joint through its full range of motion with control over the entry and exit of the stretch

E.g. a walking lunge .

Question 21

Continuous training

Answer 21

Steady state low-moderate intensity work for a prolonged period of time

Question 22

Fartlek training

Answer 22

Continuous steady state training with higher intensity bouts and lower recovery periods

Question 23

Explosive strength

Answer 23

The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid muscular contractions.

Question 24

Strength endurance

Answer 24

The ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions over a period of time withstanding fatigue.

Question 25

Dynamometer

Answer 25

A device used to measure force production

Question 26

Plyometrics

Answer 26

A series of explosive exercises such as hopping, bounding and jumping to improve the speed at which a muscle shortens.

Question 27

Stretch reflex

Answer 27

A protective mechanism which caused a muscle to concentrically co teach in response to being overstretched

Question 28

Circuit training

Answer 28

A series of exercise stations arranged in a specific order to usually work alternate muscle groups.