PAPER 2 (Families - marriage, divorce THEORIES)

Question 1

Bernard

Answer 1

In marriage there is ‘his’ and ‘hers’ and men get more out of marriage. Which equals in them living longer.

Question 2

Divorce reform act 1969.

Answer 2

You do not have to prove any matrimonial offence. It is whether or not you can prove your marriage has irretrievably broken down.

Question 3

Jeff Bezos and Mackenzie

Answer 3

Bezos’ net worth is $137bn
Divorced after 25 years
If the APR applied, she would get half the money.
She didn’t.

Question 4

2007 Appeal court ruling

Answer 4

If you get divorced, you split the money equally.

Question 5

Fletcher

Answer 5

Divorce rates are a positive sign of marriage as it shows people don’t put up with being unhappy.

Question 6

Beck and Giddens

Answer 6

Argue that traditional norms have weakened. People are free to pursue self-interests. Now, relationships are more fragile because we stay with someone as long as they make us happy. Giddens calls these relationships ‘pure love’

Question 7

Functionalist view on divorce

Answer 7

It doesn’t threaten marriage - suggests people have high standards.

Question 8

Postmodernist view on divorce

Answer 8

Increase in divorce is a good thing, people are able to choose relationship best for them.

Question 9

New right view on divorce

Answer 9

Increase in divorce is bad. Creates lone-parent families and lack male role-models.

Question 10

Feminist view on divorce

Answer 10

It is good. Women are able to break away from the male-dominated nuclear family.

Question 11

PLP view on divorce

Answer 11

Interested in what divorce means for each individual. For some it is positive; some negative.

Question 12

Wedding ceremonies in 1981 versus 2012

Answer 12

1981 - 60% of weddings had a religious ceremony.
2012 - 30% of weddings had a religious ceremony.

Question 13

Average cost of a wedding in 2018:

Answer 13

£30,000

Question 14

How many marriages were 2nd or 3rd marriages & how many adults in England & Wales are married?

Answer 14

• 1/3 marriages were 2nd or 3rd marriages.
• 1/2 of adults in England and wales are married.

Question 15

What percentage of young people who aren’t religious are married?

Answer 15

3%

Question 16

Percentage of people who think you should marry before having children in 1989 and in 2012:

Answer 16

• 70% of people thought you should be married before having children in 1989.
• 42% believed this in 2012.

Question 17

Coast

Answer 17

Says that 75% of couples expect to marry who are cohabiting.

Question 18

Bejin

Answer 18

Young people see marriage as old-fashioned and patriarchal

Question 19

2002
2003
2013

Answer 19

2002 - same-sex couples allowed to adopt.
2003 - section 28 was repealed.
2013 - gay marriage is legal.

Question 20

New Right

Answer 20

Oppose same-sex relationships. They think that children need male and female role-models & those in non-nuclear families are inadequately socialised.

Question 21

Weeks - Chosen families

Answer 21

Argues that LGBT people have created families of choice that are kinship networks rather than being based on traditional heterosexual nuclear families.

Question 22

Einasdottir

Answer 22

Same-sex couples are reluctant to adopt heterosexual norms.

Question 23

Patterns of one-person households:

Answer 23

3 in 10 households contain only 1 person.

Question 24

How many women are childless?

Answer 24

1 in 5

Question 25

How many children are in lone-parent families?

Answer 25

25%

Question 26

Renvoize

Answer 26

Found that professional women were able to support their children without a fathers involvement.

Question 27

New Right (Rodger’s and Pryor)

Answer 27

Found that children of divorced parents are less likely to gain educational qualifications; more likely to leave home and become a parent at a young age.

Question 28

Berthoud

Answer 28

Individualism - Black women place higher value on independence than white women.

Question 29

Bollard

Answer 29

British Asian families stick together because of poverty and racism.

Question 30

Parsons - extended families in modern society.

Answer 30

It isn’t beneficial to society as families need geographical and social mobility.

Question 31

Charles - extended families

Answer 31

Studied Swansea in 2008, found classic 3 generation family is ‘all but extinct’ (very nearly extinct)