PAPER 1 (Education policies)

Question 1

11 plus exam.

Answer 1

Started in 1944,
Determined what school you would go into.

Question 2

Tripartite education:

Answer 2

Grammar schools: offered an academic education to prepare students for higher education (20%)
Secondary modern schools:
Offered a mainly ‘practical’ education to prepare for manual jobs (75%)
Technical schools:
Very rare, for learning artistic, creative or technical skills (5%)

Question 3

Comprehensivisation (1965)

Answer 3

. CS educate all children, regardless of class, gender + ethnicity.
Aim to promote social justice and tolerance.

Question 4

Michael Young (Progressive education)

Answer 4

Helped create open uni’s.
Encouraged to teach in mixed ability classes.
School leave age raised to 16.

Question 5

Policies since 2010:

Answer 5

Academies - publicly funded schools outside of local authority control.
Fragmented centralisation - do own thing. 45% of schools are academies, employ anyone, open to corruption.
Free schools.
FSM
Pupil premium - funding to improve ed for disadvantaged pupils.
Increased tuition fees.

Question 6

Gerwirtz (Parental choice)

Answer 6

Privileged skilled choosers = professional, M/C, uses CC and EC.
Disconnected local choosers = W/C, restricted by capital, Distance & cost of travel.
Semi-skilled choosers = mainly W/C but ambitious, lacked CC.

Question 7

Parentocracy - David

Answer 7

Marketisation for schools as parentocracy. Power shifted from teachers + state to consumers-parents.

Question 8

Bartlett

Answer 8

Cream-skimming = Good schools can be more selective.
Silt-shifting = Good schools can get rid of troublesome or less able students.

Question 9

Benn

Answer 9

W/C parents ‘cant pay, cant pray, cant play the system’

Question 10

Privatisation in education:

Answer 10

Companies in canteens, bus companies, etc…