PAPER 2 (Families - Gender role theories)

Question 1

Parsons - two roles

Answer 1

Instrumental - geared towards achieving success at work so that he can provide financially.
Expressive - geared towards primary socialisation of the children and meeting the family’s emotional needs.

Question 2

Bott - two types of conjugal roles

Answer 2

Segregated conjugal roles - couple have separate roles. (Breadwinner and homemaker)
Joint conjugal roles - where couples share tasks such as housework and childcare.

Question 3

Young and Willmott

Answer 3

Found roles of men and women are becoming more equal.
Symmetrical family:
Men are doing more housework + childcare.
Women are doing more paid work.
They are socialising together.
Went around to peoples houses and asked, ‘does your husband help with the housework at least once a week?’

Question 4

Ann Oakley

Answer 4

Found that women do most of the housework and childcare.
15% of husbands had a high level of participation in housework.
25% of husbands had a high participation in childcare.
Unstructured interview on 40 women, 20M/C and 20W/C.

Question 5

Boulton

Answer 5

Fewer than 20% of men took a major role in childcare.

Question 6

Warde & Hetherington - sex-typing tasks:

Answer 6

Wives = 30x more likely to have last done the washing.
Husbands = 4x more likely to have last washed the car.

Question 7

Dex and Ward

Answer 7

Only 1% of dads of 3 year olds took care of their sick child. 78% of dads of 3 year olds played with their children.

Question 8

Hochschild

Answer 8

Mums do emotion work.

Question 9

Duncombe and Marsden

Answer 9

Triple shift:
Paid unemployment
Unpaid domestic work
Emotional work

Question 10

Southerton

Answer 10

Mothers face greater difficulty trying to organise quality time because there is more pressure.

Question 11

Gershuny

Answer 11

Couples whose parents had a more equal relationship will be more egalitarian.

Question 12

Dunne

Answer 12

Gender scripts: these are the expected roles, norms and values which will be adopted in a society.
Lesbian couples have a more symmetrical relationship bc no gender scripts.

Question 13

Edgell

Answer 13

Everyday decisions made by mum/less frequent, more important is dad.

Question 14

Barrett and McIntosh

Answer 14

‘The Anti-Social Family’
Men gain more from women’s domestic labour.
Men’s financial support of their wives is unpredictable and conditional.
Men make most important decisions.

Question 15

Laurie and Gershuny

Answer 15

By 1995, 70% of couples say they have an equal say. Women who earn more, tend to have more say.

Question 16

Pahl

Answer 16

If they put in the same amount of money, but one earns more, that does not mean they’re equal.

Question 17

Smart and Weeks

Answer 17

In same-sex couples, the person who manages the money is the best at managing it.

Question 18

Dobash & Dobash

Answer 18

Marriage confers power and authority on husbands and dependency on wives.

Question 19

Wally and Allen

Answer 19

Women are more likely to be victims of multiple incidents of abuse and sexual violence.

Question 20

Yearnshire

Answer 20

Women suffer 35 assaults before reporting their abuse.
DV is the crime least likely to be reported.