paper 1 specification 4 Flashcards
what are complementary base pairs joined up together by?
weak hydrogen bonds
what are chromosomes
long coiled-up molecules of DNA that are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
what is a gene
a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein. The sequence of bases determines what protein is produced.
what is a genome
all of the organism’s DNA/entire genetic material
how do you extract DNA from fruit cells?
-mash the fruit in a beaker containing salt and detergent. The detergent will break down the cell membrane to release the DNA and the salt will make the DNA stick together.
-Filter to get the insoluble bits out, Add ice-cold alcohol to the filtered mixture. The DNA will come out of the solution as its insoluble in cold alcohol. –Fish out with a glass rod
what is an allele
different versions of a gene
what is homozygous
if two alleles are the same
what is heterozygous
if two alleles are different
what is genotype
combination of alleles
what is phenotype
collection of alleles that determine an organisms characteristics
