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Question 1

what is cardiovascular disease

Answer 1

any diseases associated with the heart or blood vessels

Question 2

how does smoking lead to cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

-nicotine increases the heart, increasing blood pressure. High blood pressure damages artery walls and leads to a build-up of fatty deposits which restricts blood flow.
-Smoking increases the risk of blood clots that restrict blood flow leading to a stroke/heart attack

Question 3

what factors affect your chances of getting a non-communicable disease

Answer 3

malnutrition-diet with too many/too few nutrients e.g scurvy
not enough exercise-obesity
drinking alcohol too much-liver disease because when alcohol is broken down by enzymes some products are toxic.

Question 4

what effects can non-communicable diseases have nationally

Answer 4

-places with high levels of obesity/smoking can put pressure on resources in local hospitals
-very costly nationally for the NHS and people who have it can’t work, affecting the economy
-the high cost and occurrence can hold back a country from developing

Question 5

what is BMI

Answer 5

mass divided by height squared

Question 6

what is waist to hip ratio?

Answer 6

waist circumference divided by hip circumference

Question 7

how can you make lifestyle changes to combat CVD

Answer 7

eating a healthy diet, low in saturated fats (can increase cholesterol)
exercising regularly to lose weight and stop smoking

Question 8

how can drugs reduce the risk of CVD

Answer 8

statins reduce cholesterol in the bloodstream which slows the rate of fatty deposits reducing the risk of heart attacks however they can cause side effects like aching muscles

Question 9

how can surgical procedures reduce CVD

Answer 9

stents are tubes that are inserted into arteries to keep them open so blood can pass through, lowering the risk of heart attacks. The artery can narrow again over time and irritate the artery making the scar tissue grow