Paper 1- Flashcards
what is the control variable,independent variable and dependent variable
independent-variable you change
control-the variables you keep the same
dependent- what is being measured in the experiment when you change the independent variable
what do bacterial cells contain
plasmid dna,chromosomal dna,ribosomes,cell membrane,cytoplasm and a flagellum
what do plant cells contain
chloroplast,vacuole,cell membrane,cell wall,nucleus,chloroplast,cytoplasm,mitochondria
what does haploid mean
a cell containing only 23 chromosomes
what is the function of an egg cell
to carry female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages
what are the characteristics of an egg cell
-haploid nucleus
-contains nutrients in its cytoplasm
-after fertilisation its membrane changes to stop any more sperm from entering so the offspring has the right amount of DNA
function of the sperm cell
transport the males DNA to the females egg
what are the characteristics of the sperm cell
-has a long tail to swim to the egg
-lots of mitochondria in the middle section to provide energy to swim
-acrosome where it stores enzymes needed to digest its way through the membrane
what is the function of ciliated epithelial cells
to move substances in one direction along the surface e.g moving mucus so it does not reach the lungs
why are electron microscopes better than light
use electrons rather than light and have a higher magnification so they can see finer details
name the 7 compartments of a microscope
course focus,fine focus,objective lens,eyepiece,stage,slide,light source
what is magnification
image size/real size
what is total magnification
eyepiece lens magnification x objective lens
what is the enzyme used to break proteins in the stomach
pepsin
what happens to enzymes when the temperature conditions are too hot
changes the enzymes active site so the substrate does not fit anymore.This makes the enzyme denatured
