Paper 1: DNA Flashcards
What is DNA?
The genetic material found in chromosomes in the nuclei of cells
What does the nucleus in the DNA contain?
Chromosome
What does a chromosome contain in a DNA cell?
A string of genes
What is a gene?
A short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein
What is the structure of DNA?
A long, coiled molecule formed from strands that are twisted into a double helix
What are the 4 different bases in DNA?
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What do the bases form?
Complementary Pairs
What are the complementary bases?
A & T
C & G
What are between the base pairs that hold the DNA strands together?
Weak hydrogen bonds
How do you extract DNA from fruit?
1) grind the fruit with sand
2) add a detergent to break open membranes
3) add ice-cold alcohol so that DNA precipitates out
What is a genotype?
An organism’s specific genetic code
What is a phenotype?
How this code is expressed in a physical characteristics
