paper 1 Flashcards
give the function of the cell wall
supports and strengthens the cell
give the function of the cell membrane
controls what enters and leaves the cell
give the function of the cytoplasm
location of many chemical reactions
give the function of mitochondria
location of aerobic respiration
give the function of chloroplasts
location of photosynthesis
give the function of the vacuole
water storage
give the function of ribosomes
area where proteins are produced
give the function of plasmids
contains genes to help cell function
give the function of the nucleus
control activities of the cell
what is the independent variable?
variable that is being controlled or changed
what structure of a fungi cell is not present in animal cells?
centrosomes
where are the salivary glands located?
just under the mouth
what is the function of the liver?
to form urea and detoxify toxins
form bile
react lactic acid with oxygen to form glucose
what is urea?
waste product of excess amino acids and proteins
what is the function of the gallbladder?
store bile
where in the body is protein digested?
stomach
what test measures for proteins?
biuret reagent
what test measures for sugar?
benedicts test
what test measures for starch?
iodine test
name a difference between the electron microscope and the light microscope
electron microscope has higher resolution and zoom
what are the functions of roots?
anchor plant
absorb water and nutrients
store food
define diffusion
movement of molecules down a concentration gradient
define active transport
movement of molecules up a concentration gradient
define osmosis
movement of molecules through a membrane up a concentration gradient
define meiosis
cell division-4 daughter cells with half the parent chromosomes
define mitosis
cell division- 2 daughter cells with full chromosomes of the parent cell
define differentiation
the process where cells acquire specialised features
define transpiration
the process of diffusion and evaporation from leaves
define translocation
movement of sugar produced in photosynthesis to all other parts of the plant
what is the transpiration stream?
flow of water through the xylem from roots to leaves
what is the function of stomata?
allow gases to diffuse in and out of the leaf
what is the function of alveoli?
gas exchange in the lungs
how have alveoli adapted for absorption?
high numbers for increased surface area
thin walls for easier diffusion
what is the function of villi?
absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
how have villi adapted for absorption?
one cell thick for easier diffusion
curves for larger surface area
what are monoclonal antibodies?
an antibody produced by a clone of cells
