infection and response

Question 1

Name the 4 types of pathogens

Answer 1

protoctists
viruses
fungi
bacteria

Question 2

What is a toxin?

Answer 2

a poison released by bacteria

Question 3

How does the body deal with toxins?

Answer 3

anti bodies are released into the blood to bind to the toxins. This restricts their movement until phagocytes come and engulf them.

Question 4

What is a Phagocyte?

Answer 4

A type of white blood cell in the body that has the ability to engulf and absorb harmful cells or toxins.

Question 5

What is a lymphocyte?

Answer 5

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to target antigens

Question 6

What are antigens?

Answer 6

a toxin or foreign substance

Question 7

what pathogens do vaccines protect against?

Answer 7

viruses
bacteria

Question 8

which pathogen can anti-biotics kill?

Answer 8

bacteria

Question 9

what is the name of the cell made when lymphocytes bind with tumour cells?

Answer 9

hybridoma

Question 10

describe the production of monoclonal antibodies

Answer 10

1. inject mouse with pathogens
2. collect lymphocytes with desired anti bodies
3. merge with tumour cells to from hybridomas
4. allow hybridomas to rapidly reproduce in petri dish
5. collect and purify their antibodies

Question 11

why do plants require nitrates?

Answer 11

to make proteins

Question 12

what is meant by a mechanical defence in plants?

Answer 12

structures that reduce the plants chance of being attatcked