pandemics Flashcards
pandemic
use surveillance
disease growth exponential but dont have to do with virus inteself or how severe it is
refers to how far it reaches geographically -> cut across international boundaries, unpredictable
epidemic
occurrence of disease in comm or region in excess of normal expectancy
endemic
flu, pertussis
constant presense of disease w/n geographic area or pop
levles provide baseline for est public health problem (basically determine if epidemic)
pandemics of past
1300s: black death -> 25 mil, 5 yrs
16th century: american plagues -> brought by explorers, small pox, inca and aztec
1889 -1890: flu -> transportation during industrial age, 1 mil
1918: flu -> end of WWI, 50 mil, H1N1
1957: flu -> china, mix of avian, 1 mil, H2N2
1991: AIDS, 35 mil, less transmission with tm evolution
whats in a name
spanish/avian flu
fay related immune deficiency (gay cancer) = HIV
chinese virus, wuhan virus = COVID
cause stigma and sterotypes towards area and those percieved to be from there
connections may not be accurate, anti asian violence
WHO dedicated to better terminology
usually scientist that isolates gets to suggest name
stigma MH consequences
emotional distress beyond illness, psych d/o triggered and exacerbated, anx about uncertainty of world, discrimination based on nationality
stigma: Mpox
monkeypox
stigma prevented people form getting tested
name doesnt change fast to prevent public confusion
biggest stigma around pop at risk: gay, bisexual, MSM, black and hispanic
stigma: PH implications
countermessaging to reverse harm
research stigma around med term
use neutral and non judgemental lang to avoid stigmatizing comm with can perpetuate discrimination and lead to poor health outcomes and increased violence
focus on broader SDOH and dismantling structural racism in medicine
medical mistrust in the black community: sims
research on enslaved black women without anesthesia and w/o consent
believed they dont feel pain
once perfected -> performed on white women with anesthesia
medical mistrust in the black community: hela
cells taken without knowledge before she died
continued to reproduce -> longer than cells of other lines
used for advancements: polio vax, chemo, sloning, gene mapping, drug dev, IVF, etc.
medical mistrust in the black community: tuskegee syphillis
natural hx of syphillis
some men had it and others didnt, told they were getting tm for bad blood
not informed consent, lied to, not told when pcn became standard tm
died, children, wives
medical mistrust in the black community: racism in medicine
build into the system
pain ignored, denied, less than (still seen in med students)
more his dx, poorer outcomes
cheaper/less desireable procedures
medical mistrust globally
CIA fake hep B vax in pakistan in 2011 -> osama
increase in hax hesitancy/mistrust, esp islamic extremist areas
decrease in TDaP, polio, measles, vax
medical mistrust: interventions
black physicians: decrease infant mortality in black new borns
barbershop community intervention: engage community members, meet them where they are
show authentic representation
vax messaging should acknowledge structural racism as justifiable reason for mistrust before producing vax edu -> authentic
engage trusted community leaders in PH campaigns
