health promo approaches in public health

Question 1

nutrition: access

Answer 1

neighborhood availability, affordable, food insecurity (money going towards other issues), transportation, norms

Question 2

nutrition: understanding of nutrition and healthy dietary patterns

Answer 2

knowledge of healthy dietary patters -> diet rec, “healthy”
knowledge of how to prep avail healthy food

Question 3

nutrition: individual/interpersonal - assess

Answer 3

24 hr recall, food freq questionnaire, diet log
determine diet needs -> anything special
explore fam and cultural influences on food choices
accessibility of healthy options -> stores and cost

Question 4

nutrition: individual/interpersonal - program planning or policy dev

Answer 4

educate -> healthy diet/portions
label reading/shopping

Question 5

nutrition: population - increase access

Answer 5

influence local growers to sell fresh fruits and veggies, low fat, low Na
farmers market, comm garden
school contract with local producers to provide healthy food for school lunch

Question 6

nutrition: population - increase ability to make healthy choices

Answer 6

labeling initiatives -> cals on menu
simplify labels -> help make better choices
encourage healthy options at restaurants
true advertising

Question 7

nutrition: population - respect social and cultural aspects of food prep and sharing

Answer 7

work with comm members to create culturally acceptable healthy alternatives to typical foods

Question 8

phys activity: guidelines

Answer 8

knowledge does not = behavior change!
30 min mod intensity, 5/wk =150 min OR…
25 min vigorous 3/wk = 75 min or combo mod and vigorous AND…
mod-high muscle strengthening 2/wk
adolescents = 3/wk, 60 min

Question 9

phys activity: SDOH - access

Answer 9

sidewalks v street, parks/green space (safe, well maintained), bike lane, rec facilities (gym, $, times), neighborhood safety, work schedule, low cost/free phys activities
disabilities, cost, location, etc

Question 10

phy activity: individual/fam approaches - educate about benefits

Answer 10

weight control, decrease r/o CVD, DM2, cancer, hip fracture
arthritis: decrease pain, increase mobility, low impact ~2.5hr/wk
improve mental health, increase ADL ability, decrease falls, increase QOL, increase lifespan

Question 11

phy activity: individual/fam approaches - educate about supportive and protective factors

Answer 11

increase slowly and gradually to decrease r/o injury and MI

Question 12

phy activity: individual/fam approaches - etc

Answer 12

chronic conditions and older and out of shape -> eval by hcp prior
fam activities
doable -> 10 min walk, break into chunks
comm resources, no/low cost opportunities

Question 13

phy activity: pop approaches

Answer 13

employ natural helpers or early adapters from comm
create walkable/bikeable, address barriers (safety, greenspace), organize comm events, phys activity programs at schools, businesses, organizations; edu campaigns (“lets move”)

Question 14

obesity: pop approaches

Answer 14

more safe places for phys activity, policies influencing work schedule/commutes (more time), decrease oversized portions, educate about cal content (menus, decrease size of sugary beverages), increase access to healthy food (phys and $), policies about food ads -> especially high cal, high fat, sugary drinks; food desserts

Question 15

sleep: pop approaches

Answer 15

address sleep distubrances in hospital -> quiet hours, visiting hours, cluster care
policies to decrease nighttime noise and light -> air and train traffic, sirens
increase green spaces = increase daytime activity
decrease air pollution = more daytime sun exposure