communicable diseases

Question 1

infectious disease

Answer 1

lymes
when living organism enters body and causes disease

Question 2

communicable disease

Answer 2

flu
transmitted from one human/nonhuman to another
all are infectious

Question 3

communicable diseases and pandemics throughout history

Answer 3

downward trend in death at beginning of 1900s -> vax, sanitation, tm, abx
stigmatized -> communities affected and country of origin
biowarfare: 2001 = antrhax letters

Question 4

1918

Answer 4

flu

Question 5

1980s

Answer 5

causal connections with infectious organisms (chronic) -> PUD with H. pylori
resurg of infectious diseases in 80s, increase in abx resistance

Question 6

1990s

Answer 6

food supply concers: unpasteruzied, improperly cooked beef
1993: hantavirus pulm syndrome -> SE US
1996: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad vow disease), vCJD in humans
1997: VRSA, H5N1 (avian influenza)
1999: west nile

Question 7

2000s

Answer 7

viral hemorrhaghic fevers: ebola and marburg (largest outbreak in 2014), seen a lot in entertainment
SARS: select agent -> potential pose severe threat to public health and safety, keep eye on it
more food borne -> recalls, E. coli in green chiles and raw cookie dough, salmonella in PB, listeria in cantaloupes
H1N1 in 2009, MERS-Cov, zika, covid 19

Question 8

factors influencing new infectious diseases

Answer 8

societal events: economics, poverty, war, pop growth and migration, urban decay
hc: +/-
food production: global processing
human behavior: sex, drugs, travel, diet, outdoor rec, facilities
env: deforest, reforest, water, food, flood, drought, famine
public health: prevent
microbial adaptation: virulence, resistance

Question 9

epidemiologic change: agent

Answer 9

cause of disease
type: bacteria (reproduce on own), virus (cant reproduce on own), parasite (survive at expense of host)
ability to cause injury of illness of host

Question 10

infectivity

Answer 10

ability to enter host and multiply

Question 11

invasiveness

Answer 11

ability to spread through host

Question 12

pathogenicity

Answer 12

ability to cause disease in hsot

Question 13

virulence

Answer 13

severity of disease caused

Question 14

toxigenicity

Answer 14

ability to produce damaging poison (toxin)

Question 15

antigenicity

Answer 15

ability to stim an immune response in host

Question 16

epidemiologic change: host

Answer 16

person or animal that harbors agent
exposure
host susceptibility: health status, genetics
host response: to agent, harbor v disease

Question 17

epidemiologic change: env

Answer 17

external conditions that influence interaction btw agent and host
phys: geology and climate
bio: pop density, flora and fauna
psych: occupation, living location, economic dev and urbanization

Question 18

reservoir

Answer 18

where agent survives and multiplies
concept, not part of triangle
can be internal (E. coli in colon) or external (water)
inanimate: water, soil, food, etc
animate:
human = symptomatic, non symptomatic carrier -> can still spread (typhoid mary)
nonhuman (animal): zoonosis = agents harbored by non human vertebrae animal reservoirs
reservoir host = host that serves as a reservoir