health policy Flashcards
policy
not only made by gov
settled course of action to be followed by gove, business, institution to obtain desired effect
law, reg, vol practice
social, public health, nursing
public policy
all gov activities (actions) that influence lives of all citizens under jurisdiction
health policy
set course of action to obtain desired health outcome for an individual, fam, group, comm, society
law
combo of all gov branches
rules that govern relationship with individuals and organizations to other individuals and to gov
result from combo of legislation, judicial, constitutional decisions, admin activities
can be policy
ex: BAC limits, seatbelt, car seat req, smoking bans
politics
everywhere
art of influencing others to accept specific course of action
role in dev of policies
in fam, professional and employing agencies, gov
political activities used to arrive at course of action (policy)
health policy and PH
prioritize and address health needs
plan and dev policies to address priority needs
advocate for resources to address needs
health policy and PH: components - communicate
inform and educate about health, factors, how to improve
health policy and PH: components - strengthen, support, mobilize
comm and partnerships to improve health
health policy and PH: components - create, champion, implement
policies, plans, laws that impact health
health policy and PH: components - utilize
legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect PH
private health system
profit and non profit
outside gov control
policies influences by business management
economics is central factor in decisions
needs determined by consumerism and market trends
decisions are swift and proactive
public healthcare system
fed programs, state programs, local programs
authority vested in states
policies influences by social and political theory
economics is 1 factor in decision making
decisions are slow and deliberate
needs determined by voting shifts, electoral realignment, term limits
bureaucracy
bill path
legislator -> house -> committee -> house -> senate -> committee -> senate -> president -> law
public health act
1944
consolidated existing legislation, services for migrant workers, fam planning, research facilities, NIH, nurse training acts, preventative and primary care services, rural health
executive branch
Federal level: The President
State level: Governor
Local level: Mayor
sign and veto laws, pardon people, appoint fed judges, elected every 4 yrs
suggests, administers, regulate policy
legislative branch
Federal level: Congress (House of Reps., Senate)
State level: Legislature (House of Reps., Senate)
Local level: Councilmembers and county commissioners
make laws, approve presidential appointments, 2 senators from each state, the number of congressmen is based on population
identify problems: proposes, passes, and modifies laws to address problems
judicial branch
Federal, state, local courts
decides if laws are constitutional, are appointed by president, 9 justices, can overturn rulings by other judges
interpret laws and their meaning
policy: historical perspective
1798: public health service created
1935: social security act
1944: public health act
1948: national institutes of health created
1953: USDHHS created
1965: medicare and medicaid
1996: welfare reform act
1997: state child health improvement act
2002: PH security and bioterrorism preparedness and response act
2010: affordable care act
key federal health regulations
1906: pure food and drug act
1912: childrens bureau act
1970: occupational health and safety act
1972: social security act
1988: family support act
1996: welfare reform act
nurse role
vote, join professional organization (lobby and advocate, inform), join coalition, political action committee member, campaign for candidate, lobbyist, run for office
advocate
bring awareness
act or process of supporting cause or proposal
garner attention and focus on particular topic for given community
lobbying
type of advocacy
promote or secure passage of legislation by influencing public officials
targeted effort aimed at those in power to influence policy on dev legislation
factors influencing decision makers
constituent needs, scientific evidence, potential health impact, personal interest
