disaster preparedness and management

Question 1

disaster

Answer 1

cause level of destruction, death, injury that affects abilities of comm to respond with available resources
tend to strike at risk individuals
mass = 100+
multiple = 3- 99
casualties = injured or dead; direct/indirect victim, displaced person, refugee
categories: natural, human generated

Question 2

natural disaster

Answer 2

sudden impact or acute onset
slow or chronic impact -> drought

Question 3

human generated disaster

Answer 3

unintentional/intentional
bio, nuclear, incendiary, chm, explosive, technologic

Question 4

disaster: major effects

Answer 4

pop, env, food and water, infrastructure, psych, social, economic stability

Question 5

disaster management phases: prevention

Answer 5

identify potential hazards, vulnerabilities
strengthen capacity: identify strengths, attributes, resources avail w/n comm, organization, or society to manage and decrease disaster risk and increase resilience

Question 6

disaster management phases: preparedness

Answer 6

issue timely warnings, implement protective actions, undertake emergency management activities, evacuate pop predisaster prn

Question 7

disaster management phases: reaction/respond

Answer 7

est control of situation:
implement life saving action (START, decontamination)
implement PH management and surveillance (quarantine)
evacuate pop immediate post disaster prn
decontamination

Question 8

disaster management phases: reaction/respond - decontamination

Answer 8

chm exposure
prevent further abs by victim, prevent spread on body, prevent spread to others
remove contaminated articles
wash exposed areas
safely dispose of wash water and articles

Question 9

disaster management phases: reaction/respond - est control of situation

Answer 9

ID disaster management team leader
determine and clearly articulate roles of each member of team (including self)
set up viable and realistic triage system

Question 10

disaster management phases: recovery

Answer 10

continue to monitor comm/pop for ongoing effects due to post disaster env
re-est health services
debrief pop and responders
eval response
apply to prep for next

Question 11

blue grass army depot

Answer 11

storing chm weapons and conventional explosive munition
CSEPP = chm stockpile emergency preparedness plan

Question 12

nerve agents

Answer 12

readily abs by inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact
rapidly fatal systemic effects
sarm (GB): organophosphate, clear liquid colorless, volatile at ambient temp
VX: destroyed -> amber, oily liquid, low volatility unless high temps

Question 13

blistering agents

Answer 13

sulfer mustard (destroyed)

Question 14

nerve agents: effects on body

Answer 14

wet
decreased anticholinesterase levels
rapid, w/n mins of exposure
HA, restless, convulsions, loss of consciousness, coma
SOB, chest tight, wheeze, excessive secretions
abd pain, n/v/d, incont
diaphoresis
red eyes, tearing, pupil constrict
tachy, htn -> brady, hypoT
paralysis, fasciculations

Question 15

nerve agents: immediate response

Answer 15

protect self, remove victims, decontaminate, drug therapy

Question 16

scene safety

Answer 16

cant help anyone if you dont protect self
rule of thumb -> too close if can still see scene
be aware of wind direction -> go up wind
dont enter scene w unknown chm

Question 17

decontamination process

Answer 17

remove clothing and belongings and place in sealed double bag
remove or neutralize agent on skin -> blott visible with abs material or adsorbent powders
wash skin and hair with soap and water, contain run off
flush eyes with water 5 - 10 min
dont induce emesis if ingested

Question 18

drug therapy

Answer 18

atropine sulfate IM/IV -> antichol
atropine eye drops -> some s/s relief
Z-pam chloride pralidoxine salts IV to restore activity of acetylcholinesterase
mech vent prn for resp fail -> dont want to do while hot bc then hazardous med equip
diazepam prn for convulsions

Question 19

precautions

Answer 19

avoid skin to skin or contact with clothing
self contained breathing, gas mask with filter and barrier suit
chm protective (butyl rubber) gloves -> no latex!
no mouth to mouth without proper shields -> possible residual agent on face

Question 20

other hazards in central KY

Answer 20

sherwin williams pain factory
carpet factories
farms, farm supply, fertilizer, methane pit
railroad
toyota
breweries
tobacco warehouse
coal processing plant
structural fire

Question 21

cyanide poisoning

Answer 21

HA, dizzy, seizure
SOA, hypoT, death
originate from release of hydrogen cyanide gas and cyanide salts, certin meds
cause histotoxic hypoxia

Question 22

cyanide poisoning: antidote

Answer 22

amyl nitrate: restore oxygen transport, cyanide has higher affinity for hgb than oxygen
cyanokit - hydroxocobalamin

Question 23

carbon monoxide poisoning

Answer 23

winter d/t poorly vented furnace
HA, dizzy, seizure
SOA, vom, chest pain
CO- has higher affinity to hgb than O2 -> pt will read 100% but they arent
use pulse ox that monitors CO-
high flow o2 via non rebreather
treat with hyperbaric chamber and O2 washout

Question 24

industrial exposure

Answer 24

know what chm before treating
acids, base
MSDS -> material safety data sheets
look at placards on vehicles, storage tank, packaging
ask safety officer or hazmat tech about exposure
call poison control
decon

Question 25

industrial exposure: decon - hot zone

Answer 25

red
no care
contamination -> everything inside
appropriate PPE, limited personnel

Question 26

industrial exposure: decon - warm zone

Answer 26

yellow
contamination control
appropriate PPE
decon corridor
life saving emergency care

Question 27

industrial exposure: decon - cold zone

Answer 27

green
tm/transport
staging
med monitoring/rehab