pancreas

Question 1

severity score for pancreatitis?

Answer 1

glasgow

Question 2

why do you get low calcium in pancreatitis?

Answer 2

pancreas starts to digest itself - digestion of fats causes low calcium

Question 3

level of amylase is how many times upper limit of normal in pancreatitis>

Answer 3

3 time

Question 4

acute management of pancreatitis

Answer 4

oxygen, analgesia, antibiotics, anti emetic, electrolytes (calcium and magnesium)

Question 5

prolonged inflammation of the pancreas resulting in progressive and irreversible damage, with loss of both the exocrine and endocrine functions of the gland

Answer 5

chronic pancreatitis

Question 6

management of chronic pancreatitis

Answer 6

lifestyle - smoking and alcohol
enzyme replacement - creol
surgery

Question 7

non specific tumour marker that rises in pancreatic cancer?

Answer 7

CA19

Question 8

which cancer accounts for 95% of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 8

adenocarcinoma

Question 9

types of neuroendocrine cancers/

Answer 9

gastrinoma
insulinoma
glucagonoma

Question 10

how do they present?

Answer 10

usually present late and metastasise early

Question 11

why do you get an obstructive picture on lFT?

Answer 11

cancer of head of pancreas obstructs bile duct

Question 12

investigations for pancreatic cancer?

Answer 12

US
CT
MRI

Question 13

what will images show/

Answer 13

mass plus dilated bile duct

Question 14

whipples

Answer 14

remaining pancreas attached to small intestine

Question 15

when would you do a biliary bypass

Answer 15

palliative

Question 16

two main types of gallstones

Answer 16

cholesterol

pigment

Question 17

risk factors

Answer 17

female 
fat 
forty
fair (white) 
fertile

Question 18

management of ascending cholangitis

Answer 18

AMG

Question 19

what is the procedure you get to remove colon, rectum and anal canal with stitching up of anal orifice?

Answer 19

panproctocolectomy (done in IBD)

Question 20

what is a double sprout used for?

Answer 20

protect anastamoses and divert bowel content away from diseased tissue

Question 21

colostomy - where usually found?

Answer 21

usually in LIF

Question 22

output of colostomy?

Answer 22

brownish in colour - not too disimilar to per anal

Question 23

Created in abdomino-perineal resection for rectal tumours and Hartmans procedure

Answer 23

end colostomy

Question 24

what is hart mans

Answer 24

rectosigmoidectomy

Question 25

whats a peg tube?

Answer 25

gastrostomy

Question 26

scurvy is what deficiency.

Answer 26

vitamin c

Question 27

management of scurvy?

Answer 27

dietary advice and ascorbic acid