pancreas Flashcards
severity score for pancreatitis?
glasgow
why do you get low calcium in pancreatitis?
pancreas starts to digest itself - digestion of fats causes low calcium
level of amylase is how many times upper limit of normal in pancreatitis>
3 time
acute management of pancreatitis
oxygen, analgesia, antibiotics, anti emetic, electrolytes (calcium and magnesium)
prolonged inflammation of the pancreas resulting in progressive and irreversible damage, with loss of both the exocrine and endocrine functions of the gland
chronic pancreatitis
management of chronic pancreatitis
lifestyle - smoking and alcohol
enzyme replacement - creol
surgery
non specific tumour marker that rises in pancreatic cancer?
CA19
which cancer accounts for 95% of pancreatic cancer?
adenocarcinoma
types of neuroendocrine cancers/
gastrinoma
insulinoma
glucagonoma
how do they present?
usually present late and metastasise early
why do you get an obstructive picture on lFT?
cancer of head of pancreas obstructs bile duct
investigations for pancreatic cancer?
US
CT
MRI
what will images show/
mass plus dilated bile duct
whipples
remaining pancreas attached to small intestine
when would you do a biliary bypass
palliative
two main types of gallstones
cholesterol
pigment
risk factors
female fat forty fair (white) fertile
management of ascending cholangitis
AMG
what is the procedure you get to remove colon, rectum and anal canal with stitching up of anal orifice?
panproctocolectomy (done in IBD)
what is a double sprout used for?
protect anastamoses and divert bowel content away from diseased tissue
colostomy - where usually found?
usually in LIF
output of colostomy?
brownish in colour - not too disimilar to per anal
Created in abdomino-perineal resection for rectal tumours and Hartmans procedure
end colostomy
what is hart mans
rectosigmoidectomy
